There is much to learn about the biology underlying sex and gender development, and how sex differences result in higher or lower incidences of disease and responses to treatments. Check these links to learn about WashU investigators who study sex differences, published findings, and additional resources related to sex and gender.
Research Spotlight
Tychele Turner, PhD
WashU Genetics
Glossary
- Assigned sex: determination made at a person’s birth based on an infant’s anatomy and/or sex chromosomes.
- Cisgender: when one’s gender identity and assigned sex coincide with societal norms (e.g., man and male).
- Gender identity: a label used to describe one’s identity within a given society’s understanding of gender.
- Nonbinary: a person who does not subscribe to conventional gender categories but identifies with neither, both, or a combination of genders. Related terms include genderqueer, gender fluid, and more.
- Transgender: when gender identity and sex do not coincide with societal norms.
*from Rubin JD, Atwood S, Olson KR, “Studying Gender Diversity” (2020), Trends in Cognitive Sciences
Publications from WashU authors
Hormonal basis of sex differences in anesthetic sensitivity
Wasilczuk AZ, Rinehart C, Aggarwal A, Stone ME, Mashour GA, Avidan MS, Kelz MB, Proekt A. (2024) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 121 (3), art. no. e2312913120
Early Emotion Development Intervention Improves Mental Health Outcomes in Low-Income, High-Risk Community Children
Hennefield L, Gilbert K, Donohue MR, Tillman R McCoy A, Diggs G, Paul ZA, Kohl PL, Luby JL. (2024) Child Psychiatry and Human Development
Estrogen-induced glial IL-1β mediates extrinsic retinal ganglion cell vulnerability in murine Nf1 optic glioma
Tang Y, Chatterjee J, Wagoner N, Bozeman S, Gutmann DH. (2024) Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology
Resources
Nature, Collection of opinion articles on sex and gender in research
- “Sex and gender in science: How to navigate a challenging area of research to the benefit of all” (2024)
National Academies Consensus Study Report
Commentaries on sex and gender in neuroscience research
- “Neuroscience and Sex/Gender: Looking Back and Forward” | The Journal of Neuroscience (Viewpoints), 2020
- “Studying Gender Diversity” | Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2020
- “Reporting and misreporting of sex differences in the biological sciences” | eLife, 2021
From the 2019 Transgender Spectrum Conference