WashU weekly Neuroscience publications

Optimizing Lectures From a Cognitive Load Perspective
(2019) AEM Education and Training, . 

Jordan, J.^a , Wagner, J.^b , Manthey, D.E.^c , Wolff, M.^d , Santen, S.^e , Cico, S.J.^f

^a Department of Emergency Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, and Acute Care College, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
^b Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
^c Department of Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
^d Department of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
^e Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
^f Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States

Abstract
Lectures are a common instructional method in medical education. Understanding the cognitive processes and theories involved in learning is essential for lecturers to be effective. Cognitive load theory is one theory that is becoming increasingly recognized in medical education and addresses the appropriate use of one’s working memory. Memory is essential to knowledge acquisition. Two types of memory can be considered, working memory (processing of information) and long-term memory (storage of information). Working memory has a limited capacity. Cognitive load refers to the amount of information processing activity imposed on working memory and can be divided into three domains: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane. By attending to cognitive load, educators can promote learning. This paper highlights various ways of improving cognitive load for learners during lecture-based instruction by minimizing extraneous load, optimizing intrinsic load, and promoting germane load. © 2019 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Document Type: Note
Publication Stage: Article in Press
Source: Scopus

Publisher Correction: Common brain disorders are associated with heritable patterns of apparent aging of the brain (Nature Neuroscience, (2019), 22, 10, (1617-1623), 10.1038/s41593-019-0471-7)
(2019) Nature Neuroscience, . 

Kaufmann, T.^a , van der Meer, D.^{a b} , Doan, N.T.^a , Schwarz, E.^c , Lund, M.J.^a , Agartz, I.^{a d e} , Alnæs, D.^a , Barch, D.M.^{f g h} , Baur-Streubel, R.ⁱ , Bertolino, A.^{j k} , Bettella, F.^a , Beyer, M.K.^{l m} , Bøen, E.^{d n} , Borgwardt, S.^{o p q} , Brandt, C.L.^a , Buitelaar, J.^{r s} , Celius, E.G.^{l t} , Cervenka, S.^e , Conzelmann, A.^u , Córdova-Palomera, A.^a , Dale, A.M.^{v w x y} , de Quervain, D.J.F.^{z aa} , Di Carlo, P.^k , Djurovic, S.^{ab ac} , Dørum, E.S.^{a ad ae} , Eisenacher, S.^c , Elvsåshagen, T.^{a l t} , Espeseth, T.^ad , Fatouros-Bergman, H.^e , Flyckt, L.^e , Franke, B.^af , Frei, O.^a , Haatveit, B.^{a ad} , Håberg, A.K.^{ag ah} , Harbo, H.F.^{l t} , Hartman, C.A.^ai , Heslenfeld, D.^{aj ak} , Hoekstra, P.J.^al , Høgestøl, E.A.^{l t} , Jernigan, T.L.^{am an ao} , Jonassen, R.^ap , Jönsson, E.G.^{a e} , Farde, L.^e , Flyckt, L.^e , Engberg, G.^br , Erhardt, S.^br , Fatouros-Bergman, H.^e , Cervenka, S.^e , Schwieler, L.^br , Piehl, F.^bs , Agartz, I.^{a d e} , Collste, K.^e , Victorsson, P.^e , Malmqvist, A.^br , Hedberg, M.^br , Orhan, F.^br , Kirsch, P.^{aq ar} , Kłoszewska, I.^as , Kolskår, K.K.^{a ad ae} , Landrø, N.I.^{d ad} , Le Hellard, S.^ac , Lesch, K.-P.^{at au av} , Lovestone, S.^aw , Lundervold, A.^{ax ay} , Lundervold, A.J.^az , Maglanoc, L.A.^{a ad} , Malt, U.F.^{l ba} , Mecocci, P.^bb , Melle, I.^a , Meyer-Lindenberg, A.^c , Moberget, T.^a , Norbom, L.B.^{a ad} , Nordvik, J.E.^bc , Nyberg, L.^bd , Oosterlaan, J.^{aj be} , Papalino, M.^k , Papassotiropoulos, A.^{z bf bg} , Pauli, P.ⁱ , Pergola, G.^k , Persson, K.^{bh bi} , Richard, G.^{a ad ae} , Rokicki, J.^{a ad} , Sanders, A.-M.^{a ad ae} , Selbæk, G.^{l bh bi} , Shadrin, A.A.^a , Smeland, O.B.^a , Soininen, H.^{bj bk} , Sowa, P.^m , Steen, V.M.^{ac bl} , Tsolaki, M.^bm , Ulrichsen, K.M.^{a ad ae} , Vellas, B.^bn , Wang, L.^bo , Westman, E.^{p bp} , Ziegler, G.C.^at , Zink, M.^{c bq} , Andreassen, O.A.^a , Westlye, L.T.^{a ad} , Karolinska Schizophrenia Project (KaSP)^bt

^a NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
^b School of Mental Health and Neuroscience Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
^c Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
^d Department of Psychiatry Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
^e Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
^f Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, United States
^g Department of Psychiatry Washington, University in St. Louis, St. Louis, United States
^h Department of Radiology Washington, University in St. Louis, St. Louis, United States
ⁱ Department of Psychology I, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
^j Institute of Psychiatry Bari University Hospital, Bari, Italy
^k Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs University of Bari, Bari, Italy
^l Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
^m Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Section of Neuroradiology Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
ⁿ Psychosomatic and CL Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
^o Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
^p Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
^q Institute of Psychiatry King’s College, London, United Kingdom
^r Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
^s Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
^t Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
^u Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
^v Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
^w Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
^x Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
^y Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
^z Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
^aa Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
^ab Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
^ac NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
^ad Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
^ae Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
^af Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
^ag Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science Norwegian, University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
^ah Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
^ai Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
^aj Clinical Neuropsychology section Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
^ak Department of Cognitive Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
^al Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
^am Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, United States
^an Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, United States
^ao Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, United States
^ap Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
^aq Department of Clinical Psychology Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
^ar Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
^as Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic Disorders Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
^at Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
^au Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
^av Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS) Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
^aw Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
^ax Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
^ay Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
^az Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
^ba Department of Research and Education, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
^bb Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
^bc CatoSenteret Rehabilitation Center Son, Oslo, Norway
^bd Departments of Radiation Sciences and Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
^be Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands
^bf Division of Molecular Neuroscience University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
^bg Life Sciences Training Facility, Department Biozentrum University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
^bh Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
^bi Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
^bj Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
^bk Neurocenter, Neurology Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
^bl Dr. E. Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
^bm 1st Department of Neurology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
^bn UMR Inserm 1027, CHU Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
^bo Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
^bp Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
^bq District hospital Ansbach, Ansbach, Germany
^br Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
^bs Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Abstract
In the version of this article initially published, spaces were missing in the names of Stephanie Le Hellard and Pasquale Di Carlo. The errors have been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article. © 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.

Document Type: Erratum
Publication Stage: Article in Press
Source: Scopus
Access Type: Open Access