WashU weekly Neuroscience publications

A large-scale genome-wide association study meta-analysis of cannabis use disorder
(2020) The Lancet Psychiatry, . Cited 1 time.

Johnson, E.C.^a , Demontis, D.^d g h , Thorgeirsson, T.E.ⁱ , Walters, R.K.^l m , Polimanti, R.^n p bq , Hatoum, A.S.^a , Sanchez-Roige, S.^q s bq , Paul, S.E.^u , Wendt, F.R.^n p , Clarke, T.-K.^v bq , Lai, D.^w bq , Reginsson, G.W.ⁱ , Zhou, H.^n p bq , He, J.^a bq , Baranger, D.A.A.^x , Gudbjartsson, D.F.^j y , Wedow, R.^l m bq , Adkins, D.E.^z aa ac , Adkins, A.E.^z aa ac , Alexander, J.^ad , Bacanu, S.-A.^ad bq , Bigdeli, T.B.^af , Boden, J.^ag bq , Brown, S.A.^q r , Bucholz, K.K.^a , Bybjerg-Grauholm, J.^g aj , Corley, R.P.^am , Degenhardt, L.^ao bq , Dick, D.M.^aa ab , Domingue, B.W.^ap , Fox, L.^a bq , Goate, A.M.^ar , Gordon, S.D.^as , Hack, L.M.^aq , Hancock, D.B.^at , Hartz, S.M.^a , Hickie, I.B.^au , Hougaard, D.M.^g aj , Krauter, K.^ak an bq , Lind, P.A.^as , McClintick, J.N.^av , McQueen, M.B.^al , Meyers, J.L.^af aw , Montgomery, G.W.^ax , Mors, O.^g az , Mortensen, P.B.^e f g , Nordentoft, M.^g ba , Pearson, J.F.^ah ai , Peterson, R.E.^ae , Reynolds, M.D.^bb , Rice, J.P.^a , Runarsdottir, V.^bc , Saccone, N.L.^b c , Sherva, R.^bd bq , Silberg, J.L.^ab ae , Tarter, R.E.^bb , Tyrfingsson, T.^bc , Wall, T.L.^q , Webb, B.T.^ad , Werge, T.^g be bf , Wetherill, L.^w bq , Wright, M.J.^ay , Zellers, S.^bg , Adams, M.J.^v , Bierut, L.J.^a , Boardman, J.D.^bh , Copeland, W.E.^bi , Farrer, L.A.^bd , Foroud, T.M.^w , Gillespie, N.A.^ae , Grucza, R.A.^a , Harris, K.M.^bj bq , Heath, A.C.^a , Hesselbrock, V.^bk bq , Hewitt, J.K.^am , Hopfer, C.J.^bl , Horwood, J.^ag bq , Iacono, W.G.^bg , Johnson, E.O.^at , Kendler, K.S.^ae , Kennedy, M.A.^ai , Kranzler, H.R.^bm bn , Madden, P.A.F.^a , Maes, H.H.^ab ae , Maher, B.S.^bo , Martin, N.G.^as , McGue, M.^bg , McIntosh, A.M.^v , Medland, S.E.^as , Nelson, E.C.^a , Porjesz, B.^af aw bq , Riley, B.P.^ad , Stallings, M.C.^am , Vanyukov, M.M.^bb , Vrieze, S.^bg bq , Walters, R.^bq , Johnson, E.^bq , McClintick, J.^bq , Hatoum, A.^bq , Wendt, F.^bq , Adams, M.^bq , Adkins, A.^bq , Aliev, F.^bq , Batzler, A.^bq , Bertelsen, S.^bq , Biernacka, J.^bq , Bigdeli, T.^bq , Chen, L.-S.^bq , Chou, Y.-L.^bq , Degenhardt, F.^bq , Docherty, A.^bq , Edwards, A.^bq , Fontanillas, P.^bq , Foo, J.^bq , Frank, J.^bq , Giegling, I.^bq , Gordon, S.^bq , Hack, L.^bq , Hartmann, A.^bq , Hartz, S.^bq , Heilmann-Heimbach, S.^bq , Herms, S.^bq , Hodgkinson, C.^bq , Hoffman, P.^bq , Hottenga, J.^bq , Kennedy, M.^bq , Alanne-Kinnunen, M.^bq , Konte, B.^bq , Lahti, J.^bq , Lahti-Pulkkinen, M.^bq , Ligthart, L.^bq , Loukola, A.^bq , Maher, B.^bq , Mbarek, H.^bq , McIntosh, A.^bq , McQueen, M.^bq , Meyers, J.^bq , Milaneschi, Y.^bq , Palviainen, T.^bq , Pearson, J.^bq , Peterson, R.^bq , Ripatti, S.^bq , Ryu, E.^bq , Saccone, N.^bq , Salvatore, J.^bq , Schwandt, M.^bq , Streit, F.^bq , Strohmaier, J.^bq , Thomas, N.^bq , Wang, J.-C.^bq , Webb, B.^bq , Wills, A.^bq , Boardman, J.^bq , Chen, D.^bq , Choi, D.-S.^bq , Copeland, W.^bq , Culverhouse, R.^bq , Dahmen, N.^bq , Domingue, B.^bq , Elson, S.^bq , Frye, M.^bq , Gäbel, W.^bq , Hayward, C.^bq , Ising, M.^bq , Keyes, M.^bq , Kiefer, F.^bq , Kramer, J.^bq , Kuperman, S.^bq , Lucae, S.^bq , Lynskey, M.^bq , Maier, W.^bq , Mann, K.^bq , Männistö, S.^bq , Müller-Myhsok, B.^bq , Murray, A.^bq , Nurnberger, J.^bq , Palotie, A.^bq , Preuss, U.^bq , Räikkönen, K.^bq , Reynolds, M.^bq , Ridinger, M.^bq , Scherbaum, N.^bq , Schuckit, M.^bq , Soyka, M.^bq , Treutlein, J.^bq , Witt, S.^bq , Wodarz, N.^bq , Zill, P.^bq , Adkins, D.^bq , Boomsma, D.^bq , Bierut, L.^bq , Brown, S.^bq , Bucholz, K.^bq , Cichon, S.^bq , Costello, E.J.^bq , de Wit, H.^bq , Diazgranados, N.^bq , Dick, D.^bq , Eriksson, J.^bq , Farrer, L.^bq , Foroud, T.^bq , Gillespie, N.^bq , Goate, A.^bq , Goldman, D.^bq , Grucza, R.^bq , Hancock, D.^bq , Heath, A.^bq , Hewitt, J.^bq , Hopfer, C.^bq , Iacono, W.^bq , Johnson, E.^bq , Kaprio, J.^bq , Karpyak, V.^bq , Kendler, K.^bq , Kranzler, H.^bq , Lichtenstein, P.^bq , Lind, P.^bq , McGue, M.^bq , MacKillop, J.^bq , Madden, P.^bq , Maes, H.^bq , Magnusson, P.^bq , Martin, N.^bq , Medland, S.^bq , Montgomery, G.^bq , Nelson, E.^bq , Nöthen, M.^bq , Palmer, A.^bq , Pederson, N.^bq , Penninx, B.^bq , Rice, J.^bq , Rietschel, M.^bq , Riley, B.^bq , Rose, R.^bq , Rujescu, D.^bq , Shen, P.-H.^bq , Silberg, J.^bq , Stallings, M.^bq , Tarter, R.^bq , Vanyukov, M.^bq , Wall, T.^bq , Whitfield, J.^bq , Zhao, H.^bq , Neale, B.^bq , Gelernter, J.^n o p bq , Edenberg, H.^bq , Agrawal, A.^a bq , Davis, L.K.^s t , Bogdan, R.^u , Edenberg, H.J.^w av , Stefansson, K.^k bp , Børglum, A.D.^d g h , Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Substance Use Disorders Workgroup^br

^a Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
^b Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
^c Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
^d Department of Biomedicine—Human Genetics and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
^e National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
^f Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
^g The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
^h Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
ⁱ CNS Department, Reykjavik, Iceland
^j Statistics Department, Reykjavik, Iceland
^k deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
^l Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
^m Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
ⁿ Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
^o Department of Genetics, Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
^p Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
^q Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
^r Department of Psychology and Office of Research Affairs, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
^s Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
^t Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
^u Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
^v Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
^w Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
^x Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
^y School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Iceland University, Reykjavik, Iceland
^z Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
^aa Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
^ab Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
^ac College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
^ad Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
^ae Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
^af Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
^ag Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
^ah Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
^ai Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
^aj Department for Congenital Disorders, Center for Neonatal Screening, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
^ak Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
^al Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
^am Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
^an University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
^ao National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
^ap Stanford University Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
^aq Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
^ar Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
^as QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
^at GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States
^au Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
^av Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
^aw Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
^ax Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of QueenslandQLD, Australia
^ay Queensland Brain Institute, University of QueenslandQLD, Australia
^az Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
^ba Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
^bb School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
^bc SAA—National Center of Addiction Medicine, Vogur Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
^bd Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
^be Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
^bf Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for GeoGenetics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
^bg Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
^bh Institute of Behavioral Science and Department of Sociology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
^bi Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, United States
^bj Department of Sociology, and The Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
^bk Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
^bl Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
^bm Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
^bn VISN 4 MIRECC, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, United States
^bo Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
^bp Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

Abstract
Background: Variation in liability to cannabis use disorder has a strong genetic component (estimated twin and family heritability about 50–70%) and is associated with negative outcomes, including increased risk of psychopathology. The aim of the study was to conduct a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify novel genetic variants associated with cannabis use disorder. Methods: To conduct this GWAS meta-analysis of cannabis use disorder and identify associations with genetic loci, we used samples from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Substance Use Disorders working group, iPSYCH, and deCODE (20 916 case samples, 363 116 control samples in total), contrasting cannabis use disorder cases with controls. To examine the genetic overlap between cannabis use disorder and 22 traits of interest (chosen because of previously published phenotypic correlations [eg, psychiatric disorders] or hypothesised associations [eg, chronotype] with cannabis use disorder), we used linkage disequilibrium score regression to calculate genetic correlations. Findings: We identified two genome-wide significant loci: a novel chromosome 7 locus (FOXP2, lead single-nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] rs7783012; odds ratio [OR] 1·11, 95% CI 1·07–1·15, p=1·84 × 10−9) and the previously identified chromosome 8 locus (near CHRNA2 and EPHX2, lead SNP rs4732724; OR 0·89, 95% CI 0·86–0·93, p=6·46 × 10−9). Cannabis use disorder and cannabis use were genetically correlated (rg 0·50, p=1·50 × 10−21), but they showed significantly different genetic correlations with 12 of the 22 traits we tested, suggesting at least partially different genetic underpinnings of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder. Cannabis use disorder was positively genetically correlated with other psychopathology, including ADHD, major depression, and schizophrenia. Interpretation: These findings support the theory that cannabis use disorder has shared genetic liability with other psychopathology, and there is a distinction between genetic liability to cannabis use and cannabis use disorder. Funding: National Institute of Mental Health; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; National Institute on Drug Abuse; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine and the Centre for Integrative Sequencing; The European Commission, Horizon 2020; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Health Research Council of New Zealand; National Institute on Aging; Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium; UK Research and Innovation Medical Research Council (UKRI MRC); The Brain & Behavior Research Foundation; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Australia; Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program of the University of California; Families for Borderline Personality Disorder Research (Beth and Rob Elliott) 2018 NARSAD Young Investigator Grant; The National Child Health Research Foundation (Cure Kids); The Canterbury Medical Research Foundation; The New Zealand Lottery Grants Board; The University of Otago; The Carney Centre for Pharmacogenomics; The James Hume Bequest Fund; National Institutes of Health: Genes, Environment and Health Initiative; National Institutes of Health; National Cancer Institute; The William T Grant Foundation; Australian Research Council; The Virginia Tobacco Settlement Foundation; The VISN 1 and VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Centers of the US Department of Veterans Affairs; The 5th Framework Programme (FP-5) GenomEUtwin Project; The Lundbeck Foundation; NIH-funded Shared Instrumentation Grant S10RR025141; Clinical Translational Sciences Award grants; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institute of General Medical Sciences. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license

Funding details
Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation
Janssen Biotech
Pfizer
Eli Lilly and Company

Document Type: Article
Publication Stage: Article in Press
Source: Scopus
Access Type: Open Access

Metacognitive study strategies in a college course and their relation to exam performance
(2020) Memory and Cognition, .

Zepeda, C.D.^a , Nokes-Malach, T.J.^b

^a Department of Education, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1183, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
^b Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States

Abstract
Several strands of prior work have evaluated students’ study strategies and learning activities. In this work, we focus on integrating two of those strands. One has focused on student self-reports of their study practices from a cognitive psychology perspective. The other has focused on classifying student learning activities from a learning sciences perspective using the Interactive, Constructive, Active, and Passive (ICAP) framework (Chi & Wylie, 2014). The current study aims to integrate these two strands of research by testing the implications of the ICAP framework with students’ self-reports in a classroom context. Another goal was to address the measurement limitations of the metacognitive study strategy literature by using assessment-specific self-reports with both closed and open-ended questions. Across three noncumulative exams, 342 undergraduates self-reported their study practices before each exam. We then categorized their strategies as either active or constructive in alignment with the ICAP framework. Next, we examined whether these strategies were related to each other and then tested the hypothesis that constructive strategies would be positively associated with better exam performance than active strategies. Students reported using a variety of study practices in which a few active strategies were related to constructive strategies, but constructive strategies were more likely to be related to each other. Lastly, supporting the ICAP framework, many of the constructive strategies were positively related to exam performance, whereas the active strategies were not. This work provides insight into the measurement of students’ study strategies and their relations to each other and learning outcomes. © 2020, The Psychonomic Society, Inc.

Author Keywords
Learning;  Normative practices;  Performance;  Study strategies;  Time management

Funding details
National Science Foundation
DUE—1524575, 220020483

Document Type: Article
Publication Stage: Article in Press
Source: Scopus