"Brain APOE expression quantitative trait loci-based association study identified one susceptibility locus for Alzheimer's disease by interacting with APOE ϵ4" (2018) Scientific Reports
Brain APOE expression quantitative trait loci-based association study identified one susceptibility locus for Alzheimer’s disease by interacting with APOE ϵ4
(2018) Scientific Reports, 8 (1), art. no. 8068, .
Zhang, A.a , Zhao, Q.b , Xu, D.a , Jiang, S.c
a Department of Gynecology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
b Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
c Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
Abstract
Some studies have demonstrated interactions of AD-risk single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in non-APOE regions with APOE genotype. Nevertheless, no study reported interactions of expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) for APOE with APOE genotype. In present study, we included 9286 unrelated AD patients and 8479 normal controls from 12 cohorts of NIA Genetics of Alzheimer’s Disease Data Storage Site (NIAGADS) and Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). 34 unrelated brain eQTLs for APOE were compiled from BRAINEAC and GTEx. We used multi-covariate logistic regression analysis to identify eQTLs interacted with APOE ϵ4. Adjusted for age and gender, substantia nigra eQTL rs438811 for APOE showed significantly strong interaction with APOE ϵ4 status (OR, 1.448; CI, 1.124-1.430; P-value = 7.94 × 10-6). APOE ϵ4-based sub-group analyses revealed that carrying one minor allele T of rs438811 can increase the opportunity of developing to AD by 26.75% in APOE ϵ4 carriers but not in non-carriers. We revealed substantia nigra eQTL rs438811 for APOE can interact with APOE ϵ4 and confers risk in APOE ϵ4 carriers only. © 2018 The Author(s).
Document Type: Article
Source: Scopus
"Focused ultrasound-enabled delivery of radiolabeled nanoclusters to the pons" (2018) Journal of Controlled Release
Focused ultrasound-enabled delivery of radiolabeled nanoclusters to the pons
(2018) Journal of Controlled Release, 283, pp. 143-150.
Ye, D.a , Sultan, D.b , Zhang, X.b , Yue, Y.c , Heo, G.S.b , Kothapalli, S.V.V.N.c , Luehmann, H.b , Tai, Y.-C.b , Rubin, J.B.d , Liu, Y.b , Chen, H.c e
a Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
b Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
c Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
d Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
e Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
Abstract
The goal of this study was to establish the feasibility of integrating focused ultrasound (FUS)-mediated delivery of 64Cu-integrated gold nanoclusters (64Cu-AuNCs) to the pons for in vivo quantification of the nanocluster brain uptake using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. FUS was targeted at the pons for the blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in the presence of systemically injected microbubbles, followed by the intravenous injection of 64Cu-AuNCs. The spatiotemporal distribution of the 64Cu-AuNCs in the brain was quantified using in vivo microPET/CT imaging at different time points post injection. Following PET imaging, the accumulation of radioactivity in the pons was further confirmed using autoradiography and gamma counting, and the gold concentration was quantified using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We found that the noninvasive and localized BBB opening by the FUS successfully delivered the 64Cu-AuNCs to the pons. We also demonstrated that in vivo real-time microPET/CT imaging was a reliable method for monitoring and quantifying the brain uptake of 64Cu-AuNCs delivered by the FUS. This drug delivery platform that integrates FUS, radiolabeled nanoclusters, and PET imaging provides a new strategy for noninvasive and localized nanoparticle delivery to the pons with concurrent in vivo quantitative imaging to evaluate delivery efficiency. The long-term goal is to apply this drug delivery platform to the treatment of pontine gliomas. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
Author Keywords
Blood-brain barrier; Brain; Drug delivery; Focused ultrasound; Image-guided drug delivery; Nanoclusters; Pons; Positron emission tomography
Document Type: Article
Source: Scopus
"Understanding the Cognitive and Affective Mechanisms that Underlie Proxy Risk Perceptions among Caregivers of Asthmatic Children" (2018) Medical Decision Making
Understanding the Cognitive and Affective Mechanisms that Underlie Proxy Risk Perceptions among Caregivers of Asthmatic Children
(2018) Medical Decision Making, 38 (5), pp. 562-572.
Shepperd, J.A.a , Lipsey, N.P.a , Pachur, T.b , Waters, E.A.c
a Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
b Max Plank Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
c Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
Abstract
Objective. Medical decisions made on behalf of another person—particularly those made by adult caregivers for their minor children—are often informed by the decision maker’s beliefs about the treatment’s risks and benefits. However, we know little about the cognitive and affective mechanisms influencing such “proxy” risk perceptions and about how proxy risk perceptions are related to prominent judgment phenomena. Methods. Adult caregivers of minor children with asthma (N = 132) completed an online, cross-sectional survey assessing 1) cognitions and affects that form the basis of the availability, representativeness, and affect heuristics; 2) endorsement of the absent-exempt and the better-than-average effect; and 3) proxy perceived risk and unrealistic comparative optimism of an asthma exacerbation. We used the Pediatric Asthma Control and Communication Instrument (PACCI) to assess asthma severity. Results. Respondents with higher scores on availability, representativeness, and negative affect indicated higher proxy risk perceptions and (for representativeness only) lower unrealistic optimism, irrespective of asthma severity. Conversely, respondents who showed a stronger display of the better-than-average effect indicated lower proxy risk perceptions but did not differ in unrealistic optimism. The absent-exempt effect was unrelated to proxy risk perceptions and unrealistic optimism. Conclusion. Heuristic judgment processes appear to contribute to caregivers’ proxy risk perceptions of their child’s asthma exacerbation risk. Moreover, the display of other, possibly erroneous, judgment phenomena is associated with lower caregiver risk perceptions. Designing interventions that target these mechanisms may help caregivers work with their children to reduce exacerbation risk. © 2018, © The Author(s) 2018.
Author Keywords
affect; better-than-average effect; heuristics; perceived risk; unrealistic optimism
Document Type: Article
Source: Scopus
"Genetic variants associated with Alzheimer's disease confer different cerebral cortex cell-type population structure" (2018) Genome Medicine
Genetic variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease confer different cerebral cortex cell-type population structure
(2018) Genome Medicine, 10 (1), art. no. 43, .
Li, Z.a h , Del-Aguila, J.L.a , Dube, U.a b , Budde, J.a , Martinez, R.a , Black, K.a , Xiao, Q.c , Cairns, N.J.c d e , Dougherty, J.D.a g , Lee, J.-M.c , Morris, J.C.c e f , Bateman, R.J.c e f , Karch, C.M.a , Cruchaga, C.a e f , Harari, O.a
a Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, United States
b Washington University School of Medicine, Medical Scientist Training Program, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, United States
c Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, United States
d Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, 510 S. Kingshighway, MC 8131, Saint Louis, MO, United States
e Washington University School of Medicine, Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, United States
f Washington University School of Medicine, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8111, St. Louis, MO, United States
g Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Genetics, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, United States
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by neuronal loss and astrocytosis in the cerebral cortex. However, the specific effects that pathological mutations and coding variants associated with AD have on the cellular composition of the brain are often ignored. Methods: We developed and optimized a cell-type-specific expression reference panel and employed digital deconvolution methods to determine brain cellular distribution in three independent transcriptomic studies. Results: We found that neuronal and astrocyte relative proportions differ between healthy and diseased brains and also among AD cases that carry specific genetic risk variants. Brain carriers of pathogenic mutations in APP, PSEN1, or PSEN2 presented lower neuron and higher astrocyte relative proportions compared to sporadic AD. Similarly, the APOE ε4 allele also showed decreased neuronal and increased astrocyte relative proportions compared to AD non-carriers. In contrast, carriers of variants in TREM2 risk showed a lower degree of neuronal loss compared to matched AD cases in multiple independent studies. Conclusions: These findings suggest that genetic risk factors associated with AD etiology have a specific imprinting in the cellular composition of AD brains. Our digital deconvolution reference panel provides an enhanced understanding of the fundamental molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration, enabling the analysis of large bulk RNA-sequencing studies for cell composition and suggests that correcting for the cellular structure when performing transcriptomic analysis will lead to novel insights of AD. © 2018 The Author(s).
Author Keywords
Alzheimer’s disease; Autosomal dominant AD; Brain cellular composition; Bulk RNA-sequencing; Digital deconvolution; TREM2
Document Type: Article
Source: Scopus
"Reliability and validity of an internalizing symptom scale based on the adolescent and adult Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA)" (2018) American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
Reliability and validity of an internalizing symptom scale based on the adolescent and adult Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA)
(2018) American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, pp. 1-10. Article in Press.
Acion, L.a b c , Kramer, J.a , Liu, X.a , Chan, G.d , Langbehn, D.a , Bucholz, K.e , McCutcheon, V.e , Hesselbrock, V.d , Schuckit, M.f , Dick, D.g , Hesselbrock, M.d , Kuperman, S.a
a Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
b Iowa Consortium for Substance Abuse Research and Evaluation, Iowa City, IA, USA
c Fundación Sadosky, Buenos Aires, Argentina
d Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
e Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
f Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
g Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
Abstract
Background: The Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA) is an interview that assesses psychiatric symptoms and diagnoses, including substance use disorders and anxiety and mood (i.e., internalizing) disorders. Although the SSAGA is widely used, there exists no overall internalizing characteristics scale based on items drawn from SSAGA’s mood and anxiety disorder sections. Objectives: To design and assess a SSAGA-based measurement instrument capturing the overall internalizing dimension that underlies more specific internalizing conditions. Methods: We developed, assessed, and characterized a new scale for measuring internalizing problematic characteristics derived from the SSAGA interview. All samples were drawn from the Collaborative Studies on the Genetics of Alcoholism, a prospective multi-site genetic study of families at high risk for alcohol use disorders. All participants taking part in the study between September 2005 and September 2017 were eligible (n = 904, 52.2% female). Results: The scale had adequate internal consistency (ordinal α = 0.85, 95% CI = [0.81, 0.89]). Construct validity was supported by its association with other measures of internalizing characteristics (Internalizing Scale from Achenbach Self Reports; Neuroticism Scale from the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Five-Factor Personality Inventory). Several indices of alcohol, marijuana, and nicotine misuse were also positively associated with Internalizing Scale scores. Conclusions: The Internalizing Scale has very good psychometric properties and can be used in studies that incorporate the SSAGA interview to study the association between internalizing characteristics and problematic alcohol and other substance use. These associations can potentially be utilized to identify individuals at risk for substance problems and to design treatments targeting such individuals. © 2018 Taylor & Francis
Author Keywords
alcoholism; Internalizing; scale
Document Type: Article in Press
Source: Scopus
"Suubi4Her: A study protocol to examine the impact and cost associated with a combination intervention to prevent HIV risk behavior and improve mental health functioning among adolescent girls in Uganda" (2018) BMC Public Health
Suubi4Her: A study protocol to examine the impact and cost associated with a combination intervention to prevent HIV risk behavior and improve mental health functioning among adolescent girls in Uganda
(2018) BMC Public Health, 18 (1), art. no. 693, .
Ssewamala, F.M.a , Bermudez, L.G.b , Neilands, T.B.c , Mellins, C.A.f , McKay, M.M.a , Garfinkel, I.b , Sensoy Bahar, O.a , Nakigozi, G.d , Mukasa, M.g , Stark, L.e , Damulira, C.g , Nattabi, J.g , Kivumbi, A.g
a Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, United States
b Columbia University, School of Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY, United States
c School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, United States
d Rakai Health Sciences Program, Old Bukoba Road, Kalisizo, Uganda
e Department of Population and Family Health, Columbia University Mailman, School of Public Health, 60 Haven Ave B-4 Suite 432, New York, NY, United States
f HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY, United States
g International Center for Child Health and Development Field Office, Plot 23 Circular Rd, Masaka, Uganda
Abstract
Background: Asset-based economic empowerment interventions, which take an integrated approach to building human, social, and economic capital, have shown promise in their ability to reduce HIV risk for young people, including adolescent girls, in sub-Saharan Africa. Similarly, community and family strengthening interventions have proven beneficial in addressing mental health and behavioral challenges of adolescents transitioning to adulthood. Yet, few programs aimed at addressing sexual risk have applied combination interventions to address economic stability and mental health within the traditional framework of health education and HIV counseling/testing. This paper describes a study protocol for a 5-year, NIMH-funded, cluster randomized-controlled trial to evaluate a combination intervention aimed at reducing HIV risk among adolescent girls in Uganda. The intervention, titled Suubi4Her, combines savings-led economic empowerment through youth development accounts (YDA) with an innovative family strengthening component delivered via Multiple Family Groups (MFG). Methods: Suubi4Her will be evaluated via a three-arm cluster randomized-controlled trial design (YDA only, YDA + MFG, Usual Care) in 42 secondary schools in the Central region of Uganda, targeting a total of 1260 girls (ages 15-17 at enrollment). Assessments will occur at baseline, 12, 24, and 36 months. This study addresses two primary outcomes: 1) change in HIV risk behavior and 2) change in mental health functioning. Secondary exploratory outcomes include HIV and STI incidence, pregnancy, educational attainment, financial savings behavior, gender attitudes, and self-esteem. For potential scale-up, cost effectiveness analysis will be employed to compare the relative costs and outcomes associated with each study arm. Conclusions: Suubi4Her will be one of the first prospective studies to examine the impact and cost of a combination intervention integrating economic and social components to reduce known HIV risk factors and improve mental health functioning among adolescent girls, while concurrently exploring mental health as a mediator in HIV risk reduction. The findings will illuminate the pathways that connect economic needs, mental health, family support, and HIV risk. If successful, the results will promote holistic HIV prevention strategies to reduce risk among adolescent girls in Uganda and potentially the broader sub-Saharan Africa region. Trial registration: Clinical Trials NCT03307226 (Registered: 10/11/17). © 2018 The Author(s).
Author Keywords
Adolescent girls; Assets; Combination interventions; Economic empowerment; Family strengthening; HIV
Document Type: Article
Source: Scopus
"Social anxiety and interpersonal stress generation: the moderating role of interpersonal distress" (2018) Anxiety, Stress and Coping
Social anxiety and interpersonal stress generation: the moderating role of interpersonal distress
(2018) Anxiety, Stress and Coping, pp. 1-13. Article in Press.
Siegel, D.M.a , Burke, T.A.a , Hamilton, J.L.a , Piccirillo, M.L.b , Scharff, A.a , Alloy, L.B.a
a Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
b Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Existing models of social anxiety scarcely account for interpersonal stress generation. These models also seldom include interpersonal factors that compound the effects of social anxiety. Given recent findings that two forms of interpersonal distress, perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, intensify social anxiety and cause interpersonal stress generation, these two constructs may be especially relevant to examining social anxiety and interpersonal stress generation together. Design: The current study extended prior research by examining the role of social anxiety in the occurrence of negative and positive interpersonal events and evaluated whether interpersonal distress moderated these associations. Methods: Undergraduate students (N = 243; M = 20.46 years; 83% female) completed self-report measures of social anxiety, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness, as well as a self-report measure and clinician-rated interview assessing negative and positive interpersonal events that occurred over the past six weeks. Results: Higher levels of social anxiety were associated only with a higher occurrence of negative interpersonal dependent events, after controlling for depressive symptoms. This relationship was stronger among individuals who also reported higher levels of perceived burdensomeness, but not thwarted belongingness. Conclusions: It may be important to more strongly consider interpersonal stress generation in models of social anxiety. © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
Author Keywords
interpersonal distress; perceived burdensomeness; social anxiety; Stress generation; thwarted belongingness
Document Type: Article in Press
Source: Scopus
"Gestational Diabetes Risk During Treatment With Antipsychotic Medications" (2018) American Journal of Psychiatry
Gestational Diabetes Risk During Treatment With Antipsychotic Medications
(2018) American Journal of Psychiatry, 175 (6), pp. 498-499.
Newcomer, J.W.a , Nicol, G.E.b
a Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
b Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
Document Type: Editorial
Source: Scopus
"Permeation enhancers for intratympanically-applied drugs studied using fluorescent dexamethasone as a marker" (2018) Otology and Neurotology
Permeation enhancers for intratympanically-applied drugs studied using fluorescent dexamethasone as a marker
(2018) Otology and Neurotology, 39 (5), pp. 639-647.
Li, W.a , Hartsock, J.J.b , Dai, C.a , Salt, A.N.b
a Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
b Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University, School of Medicine, 660, South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, United States
Abstract
Hypothesis: Entry of locally applied drugs into the inner ear can be enhanced by chemical manipulations. Background: Perilymph drug concentrations achieved by intratympanic applications are well below the applied concentration due to limited entry through the round window (RW) membrane and stapes. Chemical manipulations to increase entry permeability could increase the effectiveness of drug therapy with local applications. Methods: Dexamethasone-fluorescein (F-dex) was used as an entry marker. F-dex was applied to the RW niche of Guinea pigs as a 20 μL bolus of 1 mM solution. After a 1 hour application, 10 samples of perilymph were collected sequentially from the lateral semicircular canal, allowing F-dex distribution throughout the perilymph to be quantified. Entry was also measured with the applied solution additionally containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), saponin, caprate, benzyl alcohol (BA) or poloxamer 407 (P407). Combinations of saponin or BA with P407 were also compared. Results: In control experiments, F-dex entered the inner ear slowly at both the RW and stapes. The total F-dex recovered in all 10 samples from each animal averaged 2.1 pMoles for controls, 1.71 pMoles for 17% P407, 3.70 pMoles for caprate, 8.04 pMoles for DMSO, 16.32 pMoles for NMP, 31.0 pMoles for saponin, and 67.3 pMoles for 4% BA. Entry with DMSO, NMP, saponin and 4% BA were all significantly higher than the controls (one-way ANOVA). Conclusion: These studies confirm that entry of drugs into the ear can be markedly enhanced with the use of chemical permeation-enhancing agents. © 2018, Otology & Neurotology, Inc.
Author Keywords
Cochlea; Perilymph; Pharmacokinetics; Round window
Document Type: Article
Source: Scopus
"Longitudinal brain imaging in preclinical Alzheimer disease: Impact of APOE ϵ4 genotype" (2018) Brain
Longitudinal brain imaging in preclinical Alzheimer disease: Impact of APOE ϵ4 genotype
(2018) Brain, 141 (6), pp. 1828-1839.
Mishra, S.a , Blazey, T.M.a , Holtzman, D.M.b c , Cruchaga, C.c d , Su, Y.a , Morris, J.C.b c , Benzinger, T.L.S.a c , Gordon, B.A.a c e
a Department of Radiology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
b Department of Neurology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
c Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University, School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
d Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
e Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
Abstract
While prior work reliably demonstrates that the APOE ϵ4 allele has deleterious group level effects on Alzheimer disease pathology, the homogeneity of its influence across the lifespan and spatially in the brain remains unknown. Further it is unclear what combinations of factors at an individual level lead to observed group level effects of APOE genotype. To evaluate the impact of the APOE genotype on disease trajectories, we examined longitudinal MRI and PET imaging in a cohort of 497 cognitively normal middle and older aged participants. A whole-brain regional approach was used to evaluate the spatial effects of genotype on longitudinal change of amyloid-β pathology and cortical atrophy. Carriers of the ϵ4 allele had increased longitudinal accumulation of amyloid-β pathology diffusely through the cortex, but the emergence of this effect across the lifespan differed greatly by region (e.g. age 49 in precuneus, but 65 in the visual cortex) with the detrimental influence already being evident in some regions in middle age. This increased group level effect on accumulation was due to a greater proportion of ϵ4 carriers developing amyloid-β pathology, on average doing so at an earlier age, and having faster amyloid-β accumulation even after accounting for baseline amyloid-β levels. APOE ϵ4 carriers displayed faster rates of structural loss in primarily constrained to the medial temporal lobe structures at around 50 years, although this increase was modest and proportional to the elevated disease severity in APOE ϵ4 carriers. This work indicates that influence of the APOE gene on pathology can be detected starting in middle age. © The Author(s) (2018). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: Journals.permissions@oup.com.
Author Keywords
amyloid; APOE; apolipoprotein; atrophy; PET
Document Type: Article
Source: Scopus
"Case series and systematic review of radiation outcomes for endolymphatic sac tumors" (2018) Otology and Neurotology
Case series and systematic review of radiation outcomes for endolymphatic sac tumors
(2018) Otology and Neurotology, 39 (5), pp. 550-557.
Wick, C.C.a , Eivaz, N.A.b , Yeager, L.H.c , Hunter, J.B.b , Isaacson, B.b , Kutz, J.W.b
a Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University, School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, St. Louis, MO, United States
b Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
c Library Services, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
Abstract
Objective: Surgery is the primary treatment modality for endolymphatic sac tumors (ELST). Two case examples are presented to highlight some rare instances when radiation therapy may be used. The outcomes following radiation therapy for ELST are controversial. This report systematically reviews those outcomes and compares results between external beam radiation and stereotactic radiosurgery. Data Source: In accordance with PRISMA guidelines a systematic literature search of the Ovid Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane library, and clinicaltrails.gov databases was performed in August 2017. Study Selection: Twenty-two studies met inclusion criteria and report ELST outcomes following radiation therapy. Additional data on tumor size, previous surgery, radiation modality, and radiation dosing was collected. Data Extraction: The methodological quality was independently assessed by three reviewers. The included studies were small, heterogeneous case reports with a low level of evidence, and several sources of bias. Data Synthesis: The primary outcome was tumor control following radiation, defined as no growth. A comparative analysis of external beam versus stereotactic radiation was performed. Conclusion: Forty-six tumors from 42 patients were independently analyzed. The overall tumor control rate was 67.4%. When analyzing patients in which tumor was present at the time of radiation, external beam radiation controlled 9 of 19 tumors (47.4%) while stereotactic radiosurgery controlled 14 of 18 tumors (77.8%). The effect size of 30.4% favors stereotactic radiosurgery, but the wide confidence interval (-4.4 to 57.4%) limits what conclusions can be drawn. Radiation for ELST remains controversial and more long-term data is needed. © 2018, Otology & Neurotology, Inc.
Author Keywords
Endolymphatic sac tumor; Radiation; Stereotactic radiosurgery; von Hippel-Lindau
Document Type: Review
Source: Scopus
"Homeostatic plasticity in neural development" (2018) Neural Development
Homeostatic plasticity in neural development
(2018) Neural Development, 13 (1), art. no. 9, .
Tien, N.-W.a b , Kerschensteiner, D.a c d e
a Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Saint Louis, United States
b Washington University School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Saint Louis, United States
c Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Saint Louis, United States
d Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis, United States
e Washington University School of Medicine, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Saint Louis, MO, United States
Abstract
Throughout life, neural circuits change their connectivity, especially during development, when neurons frequently extend and retract dendrites and axons, and form and eliminate synapses. In spite of their changing connectivity, neural circuits maintain relatively constant activity levels. Neural circuits achieve functional stability by homeostatic plasticity, which equipoises intrinsic excitability and synaptic strength, balances network excitation and inhibition, and coordinates changes in circuit connectivity. Here, we review how diverse mechanisms of homeostatic plasticity stabilize activity in developing neural circuits. © 2018 The Author(s).
Author Keywords
Excitation/inhibition ratio; Homeostatic plasticity; Intrinsic excitability; Neural development; Patterned spontaneous activity; Synaptic strength
Document Type: Review
Source: Scopus
"Hand grip strength and cognitive function among elderly cancer survivors" (2018) PLoS ONE
Hand grip strength and cognitive function among elderly cancer survivors
(2018) PLoS ONE, 13 (6), art. no. e0197909, .
Yang, L.a , Koyanagi, A.b c , Smith, L.d , Hu, L.e , Colditz, G.A.f , Toriola, A.T.f , Felipe López Sánchez, G.g , Vancampfort, D.h , Hamer, M.i , Stubbs, B.j k l , Waldhör, T.a
a Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
b Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
c Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
d Cambridge Centre for Sports and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
e Department of Sport Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
f Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
g Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
h University Psychiatric Centre Catholic University Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
i School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
j Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
k Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
l Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
Abstract
Background We evaluated the associations of handgrip strength and cognitive function in cancer survivors 60 years old using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods Data in two waves of NHANES (2011–2014) were aggregated. Handgrip strength in kilogram (kg) was defined as the maximum value achieved using either hand. Two cognitive function tests were conducted among adults 60 years and older. The Animal Fluency Test (AFT) examines categorical verbal fluency (a component of executive function), and the Digital Symbol Substitution test (DSST) assesses processing speed, sustained attention, and working memory. Survey analysis procedures were used to account for the complex sampling design of the NHANES. Multiple linear regression models were used to estimate associations of handgrip strength with cognitive test scores, adjusting for confounders (age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, smoking status, depressive symptoms and leisure time physical activity). Results Among 383 cancer survivors (58.5% women, mean age = 70.9 years, mean BMI = 29.3 kg/ m2), prevalent cancer types were breast (22.9%), prostate (16.4%), colon (6.9%) and cervix (6.2%). In women, each increase in kg of handgrip strength was associated with 0.20 (95% CI: 0.08 to 0.33) higher score on AFT and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.30 to 1.35) higher score on DSST. In men, we observed an inverted U-shape association where cognitive function peaked at handgrip strength of 40–42 kg. Conclusions Handgrip strength, a modifiable factor, appears to be associated with aspects of cognitive functions in cancer survivors. Prospective studies are needed to address their causal relationship. © 2018 Yang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Document Type: Article
Source: Scopus
Access Type: Open Access
"Understanding pathways to care of individuals entering a specialized early intervention service for first-episode psychosis" (2018) Psychiatric Services
Understanding pathways to care of individuals entering a specialized early intervention service for first-episode psychosis
(2018) Psychiatric Services, 69 (6), pp. 648-656.
Cabassa, L.J.a , Piscitelli, S.b , Haselden, M.c , Lee, R.J.d , Essock, S.M.b c , Dixon, L.B.b c
a George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, United States
b New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
c Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, United States
d Lois V. and Samuel J. Silberman School of Social Work, Hunter College, New York, United States
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to understand the pathways to care from the onset of a first episode of psychosis to entry into a specialized early intervention service (EIS) for individuals with nonaffective psychosis. Methods: A sample of 20 individuals who participated in an EIS and ten of their family members were enrolled. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were used to characterize participants’ lives during the onset of psychosis and explore their help-seeking events from the onset of psychosis to entry into the EIS. Data were analyzed by using grounded theory and a case study methodology. Results: The median duration between the onset of psychosis and EIS entry was 4.5 months. A grounded model emerged from the analysis that captured how help-seeking decisions were influenced by the misattribution of symptoms, stigma, and self-reliance. These factors created a cloud of uncertainty in which individuals experiencing early psychosis and their family members struggled to make sense of what was happening, how and when to seek help, and what to expect from treatment. Contacts with the health care system were critical junctures in the pathway to care that could reduce or increase uncertainty and expedite or delay EIS entry. Conclusions: Findings indicate that efforts to expedite EIS entry should focus on reducing the uncertainty that affected individuals and their family members face when seeking care by improving their experiences with mental health services. © 2018 American Psychiatric Association. All rights reserved.
Document Type: Article
Source: Scopus
"Thought probes during prospective memory encoding: Evidence for perfunctory processes" (2018) PLoS ONE
Thought probes during prospective memory encoding: Evidence for perfunctory processes
(2018) PLoS ONE, 13 (6), art. no. e0198646, .
Scullin, M.K.a , McDaniel, M.A.b , Dasse, M.N.a , Lee, J.H.b , Kurinec, C.A.a , Tami, C.a , Krueger, M.L.a
a Baylor University, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Waco, TX, United States
b Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, St. Louis, MO, United States
Abstract
For nearly 50 years, psychologists have studied prospective memory, or the ability to execute delayed intentions. Yet, there remains a gap in understanding as to whether initial encoding of the intention must be elaborative and strategic, or whether some components of successful encoding can occur in a perfunctory, transient manner. In eight studies (N = 680), we instructed participants to remember to press the Q key if they saw words representing fruits (cue) during an ongoing lexical decision task. They then typed what they were thinking and responded whether they encoded fruits as a general category, as specific exemplars, or hardly thought about it at all. Consistent with the perfunctory view, participants often reported mind wandering (42.9%) and hardly thinking about the prospective memory task (22.5%). Even though participants were given a general category cue, many participants generated specific category exemplars (34.5%). Bayesian analyses of encoding durations indicated that specific exemplars came to mind in a perfunctory manner rather than via strategic, elaborative mechanisms. Few participants correctly guessed the research hypotheses and changing from fruit category cues to initial-letter cues eliminated reports of specific exemplar generation, thereby arguing against demand characteristics in the thought probe procedure. In a final experiment, encoding duration was unrelated to prospective memory performance; however, specific-exemplar encoders outperformed general-category encoders with no ongoing task monitoring costs. Our findings reveal substantial variability in intention encoding, and demonstrate that some components of prospective memory encoding can be done “in passing.” © 2018 Scullin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Document Type: Article
Source: Scopus
Access Type: Open Access
"Neurogranin as cerebrospinal fluid biomarker for Alzheimer disease: An assay comparison study" (2018) Clinical Chemistry
Neurogranin as cerebrospinal fluid biomarker for Alzheimer disease: An assay comparison study
(2018) Clinical Chemistry, 64 (6), pp. 927-937.
Willemse, E.A.J.a b c , De Vos, A.d , Herries, E.M.e , Andreasson, U.f , Engelborghs, S.c , Van Der Flier, W.M.b g , Scheltens, P.a b , Crimmins, D.e , Ladenson, J.H.e , Vanmechelen, E.d , Zetterberg, H.f h i , Fagan, A.M.j , Blennow, K.f , Bjerke, M.a c , Teunissen, C.E.a
a Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
b Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
c Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
d ADx Neuro Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
e Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
f Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
g VU University Medical Center, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
h UCL Institute of Neurology, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
i UK Dementia Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
j Department of Neurology, Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Neurogranin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) correlates with cognitive decline and is a potential novel biomarker for Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia. We investigated the analytical and diagnostic performance of 3 commonly used neurogranin assays in the same cohort of patients to improve the interpretability of CSF neurogranin test results. METHODS: The neurogranin Erenna® assay from Washington University, St. Louis, MO (WashU); ELISA from ADx Neurosciences; and ELISA from Gothenburg University, Mölndal, Sweden (UGot), were compared using silver staining and Western blot after gel electrophoresis. Clinical performance of the 3 assays was compared in samples from individuals diagnosed with subjective cognitive decline (n 22), and in patients with AD (n 22), frontotemporal dementia (n 22), dementia with Lewy bodies (n 22), or vascular dementia (n 20), adjusted for sex and age. RESULTS: The assays detected different epitopes of neurogranin: the WashU assay detected the N-terminal part of neurogranin (S10-D23) and a C-terminal part (G49-G60), the ADx assay detected C-terminal neurogranin truncated at P75, and the UGot assay detected the C-terminal neurogranin with intact ending (D78). Spearman was 0.95 between ADx and WashU, 0.87 between UGot and WashU, and 0.81 between UGot and ADx. ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) showed group differences for ranked neurogranin concentrations in each assay (all P 0.05), with specific increases in AD. CONCLUSIONS: Although the 3 assays target different epitopes on neurogranin and have different calibrators, the high correlations and the similar group differences suggest that the different forms of neurogranin in CSF carry similar diagnostic information, at least in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. © 2018 American Association for Clinical Chemistry.
Document Type: Article
Source: Scopus
"Turning is an important marker of balance confidence and walking limitation in persons with multiple sclerosis" (2018) PLoS ONE
Turning is an important marker of balance confidence and walking limitation in persons with multiple sclerosis
(2018) PLoS ONE, 13 (6), art. no. e0198178, .
Adusumilli, G.a , Lancia, S.a , Levasseur, V.A.b f , Amblee, V.c g , Orchard, M.a , Wagner, J.M.d e , Naismith, R.T.a
a Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
b School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
c School of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
d Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
e Acorda Therapeutics, Ardsley, NY, United States
f Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
g Transitional Year Residency Program, MacNeal Hospital, Berwyn, IL, United States
Abstract
The standard functional tool for gait assessment in multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical trials has been the 25-Foot Timed Walk Test, a measure of gait speed. Straight-line gait assessment may not reflect adequately upon balance and coordination. Walking tests with turns may add additional information towards understanding gait and balance status, and be more reflective of ambulation in the community. Understanding the impact of turn parameters on patient-reported outcomes of balance and walking would help MS clinicians better formulate treatment plans for persons with gait limitations. In this study, ninety-one persons with MS (Expanded Disability Status Score; EDSS, range: 0–6.5) were enrolled in an initial cross-sectional study. Twenty-four subjects (EDSS, range:1.0–6.0) completed a follow-up visit an average of 12 months later. Spatiotemporal gait analysis was collected at both visits using APDM Opal wireless body-worn sensors while performing the Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) and 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). For both cross-sectional and longitudinal data, regression analyses determined the impact on the addition of turning parameters to stride velocity (SV), in the prediction of self-reported balance confidence (Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC)) and walking limitation (12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12)). The addition of 6MWT peak turn velocity (PTV) to 6MWT SV increased the predictive power of the 6MWT for the ABC from 20% to 33%, and increased the predictive power from 28% to 41% for the MSWS-12. TUG PTV added to TUG SV also strengthened the relationship of the TUG for the ABC from 19% to 28%, and 27% to 36% for the MSWS-12. For those with 1 year follow-up, percent change in turn number of steps (TNS%Δ) during the 6MWT added to 6MWT SV%Δ improved the modeling of ABC%Δ from 24% to 33%. 6MWT PTV%Δ added to 6MWT SV%Δ increased the predictive power of MSWS-12%Δ from 8% to 27%. Conclusively, turn parameters improved modeling of self-perceived balance confidence and walking limitations when added to the commonly utilized measure of gait speed. Tests of longer durations with multiple turns, as opposed to shorter durations with a single turn, modeled longitudinal change more accurately. Turn speed and stability should be qualitatively assessed during the clinic visit, and use of multi-faceted tests such as the TUG or 6MWT may be required to fully understand gait deterioration in persons with MS. © 2018 Adusumilli et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Document Type: Article
Source: Scopus
Access Type: Open Access
"Synergistic effect of acupuncture and mirror therapy on post-stroke upper limb dysfunction: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial" (2018) Trials
Synergistic effect of acupuncture and mirror therapy on post-stroke upper limb dysfunction: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
(2018) Trials, 19 (1), art. no. 303, .
Xu, Y.a , Lin, S.b , Jiang, C.a , Ye, X.a , Tao, J.a , Wilfried, S.d , Wong, A.W.K.e , Chen, L.c , Yang, S.b
a Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rehabilitation Medicine College, Fuzhou, China
b Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of TCM, Fuzhou, China
c Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
d M andi-Fachklinik Herzogenaurach, Herzogenaurach, Germany
e Washington University School of Medicine, Program in Occupational Therapy, Department of Neurology, St. Louis, MO, United States
Abstract
Background: Upper limb dysfunction is common after stroke, posing an important challenge for post-stroke rehabilitation. The clinical efficacy of acupuncture for the recovery of post-stroke upper limb function has been previously demonstrated. Mirror therapy (MT) has also been found to be effective. However, the effects of acupuncture and MT have not been systematically compared. This trial aims to elucidate the synergistic effects of acupuncture and MT on upper limb dysfunction after stroke. Methods: A 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial will be conducted at the rehabilitation hospitals affiliated with Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. A total of 136 eligible subjects will be randomly divided into acupuncture treatment (AT), MT, combined treatment, and control groups in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. All subjects will receive conventional treatment. The interventions will be performed 5 days per week for 4 weeks. AT, MT, and combined treatment will be performed for 30 min per day (combined treatment: AT 15 min + MT 15 min). The primary outcomes in this study will be the mean change in scores on both the FMA and WMFT from baseline to 4 weeks intervention and at 12 weeks follow-up between the two groups and within groups. The secondary outcomes are the mean change in the scores on the Visual Analogue Scale, Stroke Impact Scale, and modified Barthel index. Medical abstraction of adverse events will be assessed at each visit. Discussion: The results of this trial will demonstrate the synergistic effect of acupuncture and MT on upper limb motor dysfunction after stroke. In addition, whether AT and MT, either combined or alone, are more effective than the conventional treatment in the management of post-stroke upper limb dysfunction will also be determined. © 2018 The Author(s).
Author Keywords
Acupuncture; Mirror therapy; Rehabilitation; Stroke; Upper limb dysfunction
Document Type: Article
Source: Scopus
"Quantitative assessment of prefrontal cortex in humans relative to nonhuman primates" (2018) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Quantitative assessment of prefrontal cortex in humans relative to nonhuman primates
(2018) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115 (22), pp. E5183-E5192.
Donahue, C.J.a , Glasser, M.F.a b , Preuss, T.M.c d e , Rilling, J.K.d e f g h , Van Essen, D.C.a
a Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
b St. Luke’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States
c Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
d Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
e Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
f Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
g Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
h Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
Abstract
Humans have the largest cerebral cortex among primates. The question of whether association cortex, particularly prefrontal cortex (PFC), is disproportionately larger in humans compared with nonhuman primates is controversial: Some studies report that human PFC is relatively larger, whereas others report a more uniform PFC scaling. We address this controversy using MRI-derived cortical surfaces of many individual humans, chimpanzees, and macaques. We present two parcellation-based PFC delineations based on cytoarchitecture and function and show that a previously used morphological surrogate (cortex anterior to the genu of the corpus callosum) substantially underestimates PFC extent, especially in humans. We find that the proportion of cortical gray matter occupied by PFC in humans is up to 1.9-fold greater than in macaques and 1.2-fold greater than in chimpanzees. The disparity is even more prominent for the proportion of subcortical white matter underlying the PFC, which is 2.4-fold greater in humans than in macaques and 1.7-fold greater than in chimpanzees. © 2018 National Academy of Sciences. All Rights Reserved.
Author Keywords
Chimpanzee; Cortical parcellation; Evolution; Neuroanatomy; Prefrontal cortex
Document Type: Article
Source: Scopus
"Differing psychological vulnerabilities among behaviourally and perinatally HIV infected adolescents in South Africa – implications for targeted health service provision*" (2018) AIDS Care – Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV
Differing psychological vulnerabilities among behaviourally and perinatally HIV infected adolescents in South Africa – implications for targeted health service provision*
(2018) AIDS Care – Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV, pp. 1-10. Article in Press.
Sherr, L.a , Cluver, L.D.b c , Toska, E.b d , He, E.e
a UCL, London, United Kingdom
b Dept of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
c Dept of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
d AIDS and Society Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
e Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
Abstract
HIV infections are growing the fastest amongst adolescents, especially in sub Saharan Africa. On reaching adolescence, perinatally-infected youth may have different needs to those who acquired infection behaviourally. Yet both have sub-optimal adherence with implications for their own health as well as onward transmission. This study uses the world’s largest community-based study of HIV-positive adolescents from the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Clinic records at N = 53 district health facilities generated a log of all ART-initiated adolescents who were then interviewed in the community: N = 1058 (90%) were tracked and participated. Ethical approval, informed consent and data collector training preceded data gathering. Inventories comprised validated measures of mental health (depression, anxiety, suicidality and internalised stigma), substance use, ART adherence, and clinic attendance. Analyses were conducted using SPSS25 and STATA15. Perinatally-infected adolescents (n = 792, 77.3%) were significantly more likely to be ART adherent (OR = 1.54 95%CI: 1.14–2.07 p = 0.005), retained in healthcare (OR = 1.59 95%CI1.18–2.14 p = 0.002), and treated well by clinic staff (OR = 2.12 95%CI1.59–3.07 p ≤ 0.001). Behaviourally-infected adolescents were more likely to be depressed (B = 0.81 p ≤ 0.001), anxious (B = 1.36 p ≤ 0.001), report internalised stigma (B = 0.91 p ≤ 0.001), express suicidal ideation (OR = 3.65 95%CI: 1.96–6.82 p ≤ 0.001) and report excessive substance use in the past year (OR = 9.37 95%CI5.73–15.35 p ≤ 0.001). Being older explained most of these differences, with female adolescents living with HIV more likely to report suicidal ideation. However, behaviourally-infected adolescents were more likely to report substance use (OR = 2.69 95%CI: 1.48–4.91 p = 0.001), depression (B = 0.406, p = 0.022), anxiety (B = 1.359, p ≤ 0.001), and internalised stigma (B = 0.403, p = 0.007) in multivariate regression analyses, controlling for covariates. Moderation analyses (adjusting for multiple testing) suggest that behaviourally-infected HIV-positive adolescents who are also maternal orphans are more likely to report higher rates of depression (B = 1.075, p < 0.001). These notable differences by mode of infection suggest that studies which conflate HIV-positive adolescents may blur the clinical and psychological experiences of these two different sub-populations. Drivers of non-adherence, poor retention in care, and mental health problems may differ by mode of infection, requiring tailored interventions. Health and social service provision, if it is to be effective, needs to address these different youth profiles to ensure optimal adherence, development and wellbeing throughout the life course. © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
Author Keywords
Behavioural transmission; HIV-positive adolescents; mental health; perinatal transmission; sexual transmission; South Africa; treatment; vertical transmission
Document Type: Article in Press
Source: Scopus
"New advances in amblyopia therapy I: Binocular therapies and pharmacologic augmentation" (2018) British Journal of Ophthalmology
New advances in amblyopia therapy I: Binocular therapies and pharmacologic augmentation
(2018) British Journal of Ophthalmology, . Article in Press.
Kraus, C.L.a , Culican, S.M.b
a Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
b Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
Abstract
Amblyopia therapy options have traditionally been limited to penalisation of the non-amblyopic eye with either patching or pharmaceutical penalisation. Solid evidence, mostly from the Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group, has validated both number of hours a day of patching and days per week of atropine use. The use of glasses alone has also been established as a good first-line therapy for both anisometropic and strabismic amblyopia. Unfortunately, visual acuity equalisation or even improvement is not always attainable with these methods. Additionally, non-compliance with prescribed therapies contributes to treatment failures, with data supporting difficulty adhering to full treatment sessions. Interest in alternative therapies for amblyopia treatment has long been a topic of interest among researchers and clinicians alike. Incorporating new technology with an understanding of the biological basis of amblyopia has led to enthusiasm for binocular treatment of amblyopia. Early work on perceptual learning as well as more recent enthusiasm for iPad-based dichoptic training have each generated interesting and promising data for vision improvement in amblyopes. Use of pharmaceutical augmentation of traditional therapies has also been investigated. Several different drugs with unique mechanisms of action are thought to be able to neurosensitise the brain and enhance responsiveness to amblyopia therapy. No new treatment has emerged from currently available evidence as superior to the traditional therapies in common practice today. But ongoing investigation into the use of both new technology and the understanding of the neural basis of amblyopia promises alternate or perhaps better cures in the future. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.
Author Keywords
child health (paediatrics); treatment medical; vision
Document Type: Article in Press
Source: Scopus
"The natural history of complete spinal cord injury: A pooled analysis of 1162 patients and a meta-analysis of modern data" (2018) Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine
The natural history of complete spinal cord injury: A pooled analysis of 1162 patients and a meta-analysis of modern data
(2018) Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, 28 (4), pp. 436-443.
El Tecle, N.E.a , Dahdaleh, N.S.c , Bydon, M.d , Ray, W.Z.b , Torner, J.C.e , Hitchon, P.W.f
a Department of Neurological Surgery, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
b Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
c Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
d Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
e College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
f Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The natural history of complete spinal cord injury (SCI) is poorly studied. The classically quoted rate of improvement or conversion for patients with American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade A (ASIA A) injuries is 15%–20%; however, data supporting this rate are very limited. In this paper, the authors conducted a meta-analysis of modern data reporting on ASIA A patients and evaluated factors affecting the natural history of the disease. METHODS The authors conducted a systematic literature review of all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with traumatic SCI. The Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases were reviewed for all studies reporting on SCI and published after 1992. A meta-analysis was conducted using the DerSimonian and Laird (random-effects) model with a summary odds ratio analysis. RESULTS Eleven RCTs and 9 observational studies were included in the final analysis. Overall, the 20 included studies reported on 1162 patients with ASIA A injuries. The overall conversion rate was 28.1%, with 327 of 1162 patients improving to at least ASIA B. The overall rate of conversion noted in cervical spine injuries was 33.3%, whereas that in thoracic injuries was 30.6%. Patients undergoing early surgery had a higher rate of conversion (46.1%) than patients undergoing late surgery (25%) (OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.08–4.96, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The overall rate of conversion of ASIA A SCIs from pooled data of prospective trials and observational series is 28.1%. This rate of conversion is higher than what is reported in the literature. Early surgery is predictive of a higher conversion rate. However, there are not enough data to provide conclusions pertaining to the efficacy of biological and medical therapies. © AANS 2018.
Author Keywords
American spinal injury association; Asia; Complete spinal cord injury; Conversion; Meta-analysis
Document Type: Review
Source: Scopus
"High-density speckle contrast optical tomography of brain activity" (2018) Optics InfoBase Conference Papers
High-density speckle contrast optical tomography of brain activity
(2018) Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, Part F90-OTS 2018, 3 p.
Vidal-Rosas, E.E.a , Dragojevic´, T.a , Hollmann, J.L.a , Culver, J.P.b c , Justicia, C.d , Durduran, T.a e
a ICFO-Institut de Cie´ncies Foto´niques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
b Department of Radiology, Washington University School of MedicineMO, United States
c Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
d Ar´ea de Neurocien´cies, Institut d’Investigacions Biome´diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
e Institucio´ Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
Abstract
A new method for the tomographic monitoring of cerebral blood flow changes is presented. The method is based on speckle contrast optical tomography (SCOT) to recover 3D brain activation changes due to forepaw stimulation. © OSA 2018.
Document Type: Conference Paper
Source: Scopus
"NeuroDOT: A new neuroimaging toolbox for DOT" (2018) Optics InfoBase Conference Papers
NeuroDOT: A new neuroimaging toolbox for DOT
(2018) Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, Part F90-OTS 2018, 2 p.
Muccigrosso, D., Eggebrecht, A.
Washington University in St. Louis, 4515 McKinley Ave, St. Louis, MO, United States
Abstract
NeuroDOT provides a MATLAB-based self-contained toolbox that addresses common challenges in processing of functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and diffuse optical tomography (DOT) data and supports multiple common pre-processing and analytical pipelines. © OSA 2018.
Document Type: Conference Paper
Source: Scopus
"That's Inappropriate! Social Norms in an Older Population-based Cohort" (2018) Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders
That’s Inappropriate! Social Norms in an Older Population-based Cohort
(2018) Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 32 (2), pp. 150-155.
Ganguli, M.a b d , Sun, Z.a e , Mcdade, E.f , Snitz, B.b , Hughes, T.g , Jacobsen, E.a , Chang, C.-C.H.c e
a Department of Psychiatry, 3811 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
b Department of Neurology, United States
c Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, United States
d Departments of Epidemiology, United States
e Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
f Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
g Department of Sociology Anthropology, and Gerontology, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, OH, United States
Abstract
Background: Social cognition is not routinely assessed in older adults. We report population-based normative data on the Social Norms Questionnaire (SNQ22) which asks individuals about the appropriateness of specific behaviors in hypothetical scenarios, errors being related either to breaking with norms or to over-adhering to perceived norms. Total SNQ scores represent the number of correct responses while subscale scores are error totals. Methods: We administered the SNQ22 to 744 adults aged 65+ within a population-based study, and examined the distribution of scores by demographics, other cognitive measures, and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). Results: Most participants performed well with few errors. Women and young-old individuals performed significantly better than men and older individuals on total score and over-adherence; women had fewer break-norms errors than men. No race or education effects were observed. Worse (higher) total scores and (lower) over-adherence errors were inversely associated with literacy, CDR, Mini-Mental State Examination, attention, memory, language, executive, and visuospatial domains. Break-norms errors were rare and not associated with any of the above. Conclusions: In population-based normative data on the SNQ22. age and sex influenced total score and over-adherence errors, which showed the expected associations with CDR and other cognitive domains. Social norms screening may be useful in the cognitive assessment of older adults. © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Author Keywords
aging; cognitive assessment; epidemiology; normative data; social cognition
Document Type: Article
Source: Scopus
"Optical imaging of functional connectivity across development in the mouse cortex" (2018) Optics InfoBase Conference Papers
Optical imaging of functional connectivity across development in the mouse cortex
(2018) Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, Part F88-BRAIN 2018, 2 p.
Rahn, R.M.a b c , Bice, A.R.a , Brier, L.M.a , Dougherty, J.D.b c , Culver, J.P.a d e
a Department of Radiology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
b Department of Genetics, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
c Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
d Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
e Department of Physics, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
Abstract
Imaging functional networks during healthy development is essential to studies of disease in mouse models. Here we report the feasibility of imaging calcium dynamics across five developmental timepoints in a GCaMP6 transgenic mouse during wakefulness. © OSA 2018.
Document Type: Conference Paper
Source: Scopus
"Improving functional diffuse optical tomography reconstruction quality utilizing frequency domain measurements" (2018) Optics InfoBase Conference Papers
Improving functional diffuse optical tomography reconstruction quality utilizing frequency domain measurements
(2018) Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, Part F90-OTS 2018, 2 p.
Doulgerakis, M.a , Eggebrecht, A.b , Culver, J.b c d , Dehghani, H.a
a School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
b Department of Radiology, Washington University School of MedicineMO, United States
c Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
d Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
Abstract
Simulations on 24 subject specific models demonstrate that the combination of phase shift and amplitude attenuation information in fDOT neuroimaging improves the localization and resolution of the reconstructions, by 42% and 24% respectively, compared to attenuation only data. © OSA 2018.
Document Type: Conference Paper
Source: Scopus
"Psychometric Properties of the Chinese (Putonghua) Version of the Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS-P) in Subacute Poststroke Patients without Neglect" (2018) BioMed Research International
Psychometric Properties of the Chinese (Putonghua) Version of the Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS-P) in Subacute Poststroke Patients without Neglect
(2018) BioMed Research International, 2018, art. no. 6827854, .
Hong, W.-J.a , Tao, J.a b c , Wong, A.W.K.d e , Yang, S.-L.f , Leung, M.-T.g , Lee, T.M.C.h , Demeyere, N.i , Lau, S.C.L.d j , Chien, C.-W.k , Chan, C.C.H.j , Chen, L.-D.b c l
a College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
b Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, China
c Fujian Provincial Rehabilitation Industrial Institution, Fuzhou, China
d Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, WA, United States
e Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, WA, United States
f Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
g Department of Chinese Bilingual Studies, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
h Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
i Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
j Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
k Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
l Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
Abstract
Background. Oxford Cognitive Screen is designed for assessing cognitive functions of poststroke patients. This study was aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Chinese (Putonghua) version of the Oxford Cognitive Screen-Putonghua (OCS-P) for use among poststroke patients without neglect. Methods. Expert review panel evaluated content validity of the Chinese-translated items. After pilot tested the translated items, the patients and healthy participants completed the OCS-P as well as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-ChiB) and Goldenberg’s test. A group of patients completed OCS-P for the second time within seven days. Data analyses included confirmatory factor analysis, item difficulty and item-total correlation, inter- and intrarater reliability, internal consistency, and between-group discrimination. Results. One hundred patients and 120 younger (n=60) or older (n=60) healthy participants completed all the tests. Modifications were required for items in the “Picture Naming”, “Orientation”, and “Sentence Reading” subscales. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure for the OCS-P subscales. The internal consistency coefficients for the three identified test dimensions were 0.30 to 0.52 (Cronbach’s alpha). Construct validity coefficients between the OCS-P and MoCA-ChiB subscales were 0.45 < r < 0.79 (p<0.001) and the “Praxis” subscale of OCS-P and Goldenberg’s test was r=0.72 (p<0.001). The interrater reliability coefficients for the subscales were in general higher than the intrarater reliability coefficients. The “Picture Naming” and “Numerical Cognition” subscales were the most significant (p=0.003) for differentiating patient participants from their older healthy counterpart. Conclusion. This study generated satisfactory evidence on the content validity, substantive validity, construct validity, inter- and intrarater reliability, and known-group discrimination of the OCS-P. They support its application among poststroke patients who speak Putonghua. Future studies could review the existing five-dimension domains for improving its structural validity and internal consistency as well as generate evidence of the OCS-P for use among the poststroke patients with neglect. © 2018 Wen-jun Hong et al.
Document Type: Article
Source: Scopus
"Opioid Medication Use in the Surgical Patient: An Assessment of Prescribing Patterns and Use" (2018) Journal of the American College of Surgeons
Opioid Medication Use in the Surgical Patient: An Assessment of Prescribing Patterns and Use
(2018) Journal of the American College of Surgeons, . Article in Press.
Tan, W.H., Yu, J., Feaman, S., McAllister, J.M., Kahan, L.G., Quasebarth, M.A., Blatnik, J.A., Eagon, J.C., Awad, M.M., Brunt, L.M.
Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
Abstract
Background: With the epidemic of prescription opioid abuse in the US, rates of opioid-related unintentional deaths have risen dramatically. However, few data exist comparing postoperative opioid prescriptions with patient use. We sought to better elucidate this relationship in surgical patients. Study Design: A prospective cohort study was conducted of narcotic-naïve patients undergoing open and laparoscopic abdominal procedures on a minimally invasive surgery service. During the first 14 post-discharge days and at their first postoperative clinic visit, patients recorded pain scores and number of opioid pills taken. Clinical data were extracted from the medical record. Descriptive statistics were used in data analysis. Results: From 2014 through 2017, one hundred and seventy-six patients completed postoperative pain surveys. Mean age was 60.4 ± 14.9 years and sex was distributed equally. Most patients (69.9%) underwent laparoscopic procedures. Hydrocodone-acetaminophen was the most commonly prescribed postoperative pain medication (118 patients [67.0%]), followed by oxycodone-acetaminophen (26 patients [14.8%]). Patients were prescribed a median of 150 morphine milligram equivalents (MME) (interquartile range [IQR] 150 to 225 MME), equivalent to twenty 5-mg oral oxycodone pills (IQR 20 to 30 pills). However, by their first postoperative visit, they had only taken a median 30 MME (IQR 10 to 90 MME), or 4 pills (IQR 1.3 to 12 pills). Eight (4.5%) patients received a refill or an additional prescription for pain medications. At the first postoperative visit, 76.7% of respondents were satisfied or very satisfied with their overall postoperative pain management. Conclusions: Postoperative patients might consume less than half of the opioid pills they are prescribed. More research is needed to standardize opioid prescriptions for postoperative pain management while reducing opioid diversion. © 2018
Document Type: Article in Press
Source: Scopus
"Functional recovery after stroke is negatively influenced by contralesional homotopic activity" (2018) Optics InfoBase Conference Papers
Functional recovery after stroke is negatively influenced by contralesional homotopic activity
(2018) Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, Part F88-BRAIN 2018, 2 p.
Bauer, A.Q.a , Kraft, A.W.b , Baxter, G.A.a , Bice, A.R.a , Bruchas, M.R.c , Lee, J.-M.d , Culver, J.P.a e f
a Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
b Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
c Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
d Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
e Department of Physics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
f Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
Abstract
We combined optogenetic targeting with optical intrinsic signal imaging to examine how contralesional activity in excitatory neurons affected functional recovery after stroke. Recovery was assessed through measures of cortical remapping, functional connectivity, and limb-use asymmetry. © OSA 2018.
Document Type: Conference Paper
Source: Scopus
"Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers and Driving in Clinically Normal Older Adults" (2018) Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders
Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers and Driving in Clinically Normal Older Adults
(2018) Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 32 (2), pp. 101-106.
Allison, S.a , Babulal, G.M.b h , Stout, S.H.b h , Barco, P.P.c , Carr, D.B.b d , Fagan, A.M.b h , Morris, J.C.b c d e f h , Roe, C.M.b h , Head, D.a h g h
a Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, United States
b Department of Neurology, United States
c Department of Occupational Therapy, United States
d Department of Medicine, United States
e Department of Pathology and Immunology, United States
f Department of Physical Therapy, United States
g Department of Radiology, United States
h Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
Abstract
Purpose: Older adults experience impaired driving performance, and modify their driving habits, including limiting amount and spatial extent of travel. Alzheimer disease (AD)-related pathology, as well as spatial navigation difficulties, may influence driving performance and driving behaviors in clinically normal older adults. We examined whether AD biomarkers [cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of Aβ 42, tau, and ptau 181 ] were associated with lower self-reported spatial navigation abilities, and whether navigation abilities mediated the relationship of AD biomarkers with driving performance and extent. Methods: Clinically normal older adults (n=112; aged 65+) completed an on-road driving test, the Santa Barbara Sense of Direction scale (self-report measure of spatial navigation ability), and the Driving Habits Questionnaire for an estimate of driving extent (composite of driving exposure and driving space). All participants had a lumbar puncture to obtain CSF. Results: CSF Aβ 42, but not tau or ptau 181, was associated with self-reported navigation ability. Lower self-reported navigation was associated with reduced driving extent, but not driving errors. Self-reported navigation mediated the relationship between CSF Aβ 42 and driving extent. Conclusions: Findings suggest that cerebral amyloid deposition is associated with lower perceived ability to navigate the environment, which may lead older adults with AD pathology to limit their driving extent. © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Author Keywords
amyloid deposition; driving space; on-road driving test; preclinical Alzheimer disease
Document Type: Article
Source: Scopus
"Patterns of Clinical Use of Stereotactic Laser Ablation: Analysis of a Multicenter Prospective Registry" (2018) World Neurosurgery
Patterns of Clinical Use of Stereotactic Laser Ablation: Analysis of a Multicenter Prospective Registry
(2018) World Neurosurgery, . Article in Press.
Rennert, R.C.a , Khan, U.a , Tatter, S.B.b , Field, M.c , Toyota, B.d , Fecci, P.E.e , Judy, K.f , Mohammadi, A.M.g , Landazuri, P.h , Sloan, A.i , Leuthardt, E.j , Chen, C.C.k
a Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States
b Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
c Orlando Neurosurgery, Orlando, Florida, United States
d Division of Neurosurgery, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
e Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
f Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
g Department of Neurosurgery, Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
h Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
i Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
j Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
k Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
Abstract
Background: Stereotactic laser ablation (SLA), also termed laser interstitial thermal therapy, is a minimally invasive procedure that is increasingly used in neurosurgery. We wished to examine how and whether SLA is changing the landscape of treatment options for neurosurgical patients. Methods: Patients undergoing stereotactic laser ablation were prospectively enrolled in the Laser Ablation of Abnormal Neurological Tissue (LAANTERN) registry. Data from the first 100 enrolled patients are presented here. Results: Clinical indications for SLA include treatment of primary intracranial tumors (48%; 81% being high-grade gliomas [HGGs]), brain metastases (BMs, 34%), epilepsy (16%), and other (2%). For HGGs, SLA was equally likely used for newly diagnosed (45%) or previously treated/recurrent lesions (55%, P = 0.54). By contrast, SLA was predominantly used as treatment for BMs in which radiation therapy/radiosurgery had failed (91%), with only 9% of SLAs performed as initial treatment for newly diagnosed lesions (P < 0.001). Of all SLAs performed, 45% of the procedures were in lieu of surgical resection, with 43% performed because the lesion was not accessible by conventional neurosurgical techniques. Conclusion: HGGs and BMs are the leading indications for SLA in the LAANTERN study. For HGGs, SLA is equally used in the presenting or previously treated/recurrent setting. For BMs, SLA is typically used in the recurrent setting. SLAs are equally likely to be performed for difficult-to-access lesions or in lieu of conventional open surgery. © 2018 The Authors
Author Keywords
Epilepsy; Glioma; Metastasis; Neuro-oncology; Stereotactic laser ablation
Document Type: Article in Press
Source: Scopus
Access Type: Open Access
"Decoding visual information from high density diffuse optical tomography neuroimaging data" (2018) Optics InfoBase Conference Papers
Decoding visual information from high density diffuse optical tomography neuroimaging data
(2018) Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, Part F88-BRAIN 2018, 2 p.
Tripathy, K., Fishell, A.K., Markow, Z.E., Burns-Yocum, T., Newbold, D.J., Tripathy, P., Schlaggar, B.L., Culver, J.P.
Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Radiology, 4515 McKinley Avenue, St. Louis, MO, United States
Abstract
Using high density diffuse optical tomography neuroimaging data and a templatematching strategy, we were able to decode detailed information about the position of a checkerboard being viewed by a human subject. © OSA 2018.
Document Type: Conference Paper
Source: Scopus
"Optical imaging in a mouse model of Glioma Identifies different causes for proximal and distal disruptions to functional connectivity" (2018) Optics InfoBase Conference Papers
Optical imaging in a mouse model of Glioma Identifies different causes for proximal and distal disruptions to functional connectivity
(2018) Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, Part F88-BRAIN 2018, 2 p.
Orukari, I.a , Siegel, J.S.b , Bauer, A.Q.c , Baxter, G.A.c , Shimony, J.S.c , Rubin, J.B.d , Culver, J.P.a c
a Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
b Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
c Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
d Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
Abstract
The relationship between glioma growth and functional connectivity disruptions is poorly understood. Functional connectivity optical intrinsic imaging enables assessment functional connectivity in a mouse model of glioma growth. © OSA 2018.
Document Type: Conference Paper
Source: Scopus
"A diffuse optical tomography system for whole-brain functional imaging in mice using multiple camera views" (2018) Optics InfoBase Conference Papers
A diffuse optical tomography system for whole-brain functional imaging in mice using multiple camera views
(2018) Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, Part F90-OTS 2018, 2 p.
Markow, Z.E.a , Reisman, M.D.b , Bauer, A.Q.c , Eggebrecht, A.T.c , Anastasio, M.A.a c d e , Culver, J.P.a b c
a Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, United States
b Department of Physics, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, United States
c Department of Radiology, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, United States
d Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, United States
e Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, United States
Abstract
A diffuse optical tomography system was constructed for noninvasively imaging blood contrasts related to neural activity throughout the whole mouse brain. System design, measurement registration, imaging methods, and simulated imaging performance are discussed. © OSA 2018.
Document Type: Conference Paper
Source: Scopus
"Regulation of calcium homeostasis in the outer segments of rod and cone photoreceptors" (2018) Progress in Retinal and Eye Research
Regulation of calcium homeostasis in the outer segments of rod and cone photoreceptors
(2018) Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, . Article in Press.
Vinberg, F.a b , Chen, J.c , Kefalov, V.J.a
a Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
b John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
c Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
Abstract
Calcium plays important roles in the function and survival of rod and cone photoreceptor cells. Rapid regulation of calcium in the outer segments of photoreceptors is required for the modulation of phototransduction that drives the termination of the flash response as well as light adaptation in rods and cones. On a slower time scale, maintaining proper calcium homeostasis is critical for the health and survival of photoreceptors. Decades of work have established that the level of calcium in the outer segments of rods and cones is regulated by a dynamic equilibrium between influx via the transduction cGMP-gated channels and extrusion via rod- and cone-specific Na+/Ca2+, K+ exchangers (NCKXs). It had been widely accepted that the only mechanism for extrusion of calcium from rod outer segments is via the rod-specific NCKX1, while extrusion from cone outer segments is driven exclusively by the cone-specific NCKX2. However, recent evidence from mice lacking NCKX1 and NCKX2 have challenged that notion and have revealed a more complex picture, including a NCKX-independent mechanism in rods and two separate NCKX-dependent mechanisms in cones. This review will focus on recent findings on the molecular mechanisms of extrusion of calcium from the outer segments of rod and cone photoreceptors, and the functional and structural changes in photoreceptors when normal extrusion is disrupted. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
Author Keywords
Calcium; Light adaptation; NCKX1; NCKX2; NCKX4; Photoreceptors
Document Type: Article in Press
Source: Scopus