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Author Correction: Multimodal hippocampal subfield grading for Alzheimer’s disease classification (Scientific Reports, (2019), 9, 1, (13845), 10.1038/s41598-019-49970-9) (2020) Scientific Reports

Author Correction: Multimodal hippocampal subfield grading for Alzheimer’s disease classification (Scientific Reports, (2019), 9, 1, (13845), 10.1038/s41598-019-49970-9)
(2020) Scientific Reports, 10 (1), art. no. 10969, .

Hett, K.^a ^b ^c , Ta, V.-T.^a ^b ^c , Catheline, G.^d ^e , Tourdias, T.^f ^g ⁱ , Manjón, J.V.^h , Coupé, P.^a ^b ^c , Weiner, M.W.^j , Aisen, P.^k , Petersen, R.^l , Jack, C.R.^l , Jagust, W.^m , Trojanowki, J.Q.ⁿ , Toga, A.W.^o , Beckett, L.^p , Green, R.C.^q , Saykin, A.J.^r , Morris, J.^s , Shaw, L.M.ⁿ , Khachaturian, Z.^t , Sorensen, G.^u , Carrillo, M.^v , Kuller, L.^w , Raichle, M.^s , Paul, S.^x , Davies, P.^y , Fillit, H.^z , Hefti, F.^aa , Holtzman, D.^s , Mesulam, M.M.^ab , Potter, W.^ac , Snyder, P.^ad , Montine, T.^ae , Thomas, R.G.^k , Donohue, M.^k , Walter, S.^k , Sather, T.^k , Jiminez, G.^k , Balasubramanian, A.B.^k , Mason, J.^k , Sim, I.^k , Harvey, D.^p , Bernstein, M.^l , Fox, N.^af , Thompson, P.^ag , Schuff, N.^j , DeCArli, C.^p , Borowski, B.^l , Gunter, J.^l , Senjem, M.^l , Vemuri, P.^l , Jones, D.^l , Kantarci, K.^l , Ward, C.^l , Koeppe, R.A.^ah , Foster, N.^ai , Reiman, E.M.^aj , Chen, K.^aj , Mathis, C.^w , Landau, S.^m , Cairns, N.J.^s , Householder, E.^s , Taylor-Reinwald, L.^s , Lee, V.^ag , Korecka, M.^ag , Figurski, M.^ag , Crawford, K.^o , Neu, S.^o , Foroud, T.M.^r , Potkin, S.^ak , Shen, L.^r , Faber, K.^r , Kim, S.^r , Nho, K.^r , Thal, L.^k , Frank, R.^am , Hsiao, J.^an , Kaye, J.^ao , Quinn, J.^ao , Silbert, L.^ao , Lind, B.^ao , Carter, R.^ao , Dolen, S.^ao , Ances, B.^s , Carroll, M.^s , Creech, M.L.^s , Franklin, E.^s , Mintun, M.A.^s , Schneider, S.^s , Oliver, A.^s , Schneider, L.S.^o , Pawluczyk, S.^o , Beccera, M.^o , Teodoro, L.^o , Spann, B.M.^o , Brewer, J.^k , Vanderswag, H.^k , Fleisher, A.^k , Marson, D.^ap , Griffith, R.^ap , Clark, D.^ap , Geldmacher, D.^ap , Brockington, J.^ap , Roberson, E.^ap , Love, M.N.^ap , Heidebrink, J.L.^m , Lord, J.L.^m , Mason, S.S.^l , Albers, C.S.^l , Knopman, D.^l , Johnson, K.^l , Grossman, H.^aq , Mitsis, E.^aq , Shah, R.C.^ar , de Toledo-Morrell, L.^ar , Doody, R.S.^as , Villanueva-Meyer, J.^as , Chowdhury, M.^as , Rountree, S.^as , Dang, M.^as , Duara, R.^at , Varon, D.^at , Greig, M.T.^at , Roberts, P.^at , Stern, Y.^au , Honig, L.S.^au , Bell, K.L.^au , Albert, M.^al , Onyike, C.^al , D’Agostino, D.^al , Kielb, S.^al , Galvin, J.E.^av , Cerbone, B.^av , Michel, C.A.^av , Pogorelec, D.M.^av , Rusinek, H.^av , de Leon, M.J.^av , Glodzik, L.^av , De Santi, S.^av , Womack, K.^aw , Mathews, D.^aw , Quiceno, M.^aw , Doraiswamy, P.M.^ax , Petrella, J.R.^ax , Borges-Neto, S.^ax , Wong, T.Z.^ax , Coleman, E.^ax , Levey, A.I.^ay , Lah, J.J.^ay , Cella, J.S.^ay , Burns, J.M.^az , Swerdlow, R.H.^az , Brooks, W.M.^az , Arnold, S.E.ⁿ , Karlawish, J.H.ⁿ , Wolk, D.ⁿ , Clark, C.M.ⁿ , Apostolova, L.^ag , Tingus, K.^ag , Woo, E.^ag , Silverman, D.H.S.^ag , Lu, P.H.^ag , Bartzokis, G.^ag , Smith, C.D.^ba , Jicha, G.^ba , Hardy, P.^ba , Sinha, P.^ba , Oates, E.^ba , Conrad, G.^ba , Graff-Radford, N.R.^bb , Parfitt, F.^bb , Kendall, T.^bb , Johnson, H.^bb , Lopez, O.L.^w , Oakley, M.A.^w , Simpson, D.M.^w , Farlow, M.R.^r , Hake, A.M.^r , Matthews, B.R.^r , Brosch, J.R.^r , Herring, S.^r , Hunt, C.^r , Porsteinsson, A.P.^bc , Goldstein, B.S.^bc , Martin, K.^bc , Makino, K.M.^bc , Ismail, M.S.^bc , Brand, C.^bc , Mulnard, R.A.^bc , Thai, G.^bc , Mc-Adams-Ortiz, C.^bc , van Dyck, C.H.^bd , Carson, R.E.^bd , MacAvoy, M.G.^bd , Varma, P.^bd , Chertkow, H.^be , Bergman, H.^be , Hosein, C.^be , Black, S.^bf , Stefanovic, B.^bf , Caldwell, C.^bf , Hsiung, G.-Y.R.^bg , Feldman, H.^bg , Mudge, B.^bg , Assaly, M.^bg , Finger, E.^bh , Pasternack, S.^bh , Rachisky, I.^bh , Trost, D.^bh , Kertesz, A.^bh ^bq , Bernick, C.^bi , Munic, D.^bi , Lipowski, K.^ab , Weintraub, M.A.S.^ab , Bonakdarpour, B.^ab , Kerwin, D.^ab , Wu, C.-K.^ab , Johnson, N.^ab , Sadowsky, C.^bj , Villena, T.^bj , Turner, R.S.^bk , Johnson, K.^bk , Reynolds, B.^bk , Sperling, R.A.^q , Johnson, K.A.^q , Marshall, G.^q , Yesavage, J.^bl , Taylor, J.L.^bl , Lane, B.^bl , Rosen, A.^bl , Tinklenberg, J.^bl , Sabbagh, M.N.^aj , Belden, C.M.^aj , Jacobson, S.A.^aj , Sirrel, S.A.^aj , Kowall, N.^bm , Killiany, R.^bm , Budson, A.E.^bm , Norbash, A.^bm , Johnson, P.L.^bm , Obisesan, T.O.^bn , Wolday, S.^bn , Allard, J.^bn , Lerner, A.^bo , Ogrocki, P.^bo , Tatsuoka, C.^bo , Fatica, P.^bo , Fletcher, E.^p , Maillard, P.^p , Olichney, J.^p , Carmichael, O.^p , Kittur, S.^bp , Borrie, M.^bq , Lee, T.-Y.^bq , Bartha, R.^bq , Johnson, S.^bq , Asthana, S.^bq , Carlsson, C.M.^bq , Preda, A.^ak , Nguyen, D.^ak , Tariot, P.^aj , Burke, A.^aj , Trncic, N.^aj , Fleisher, A.^aj , Reeder, S.^aj , Bates, V.^br , Capote, H.^br , Rainka, M.^br , Scharre, D.W.^bs , Kataki, M.^bs , Adeli, A.^bs , Zimmerman, E.A.^bt , Celmins, D.^bt , Brown, A.D.^bt , Pearlson, G.D.^bu , Blank, K.^bu , Anderson, K.^bu , Flashman, L.A.^bv , Seltzer, M.^bv , Hynes, M.L.^bv , Santulli, R.B.^bv , Sink, K.M.^bw , Gordineer, L.^bw , Williamson, J.D.^bw , Garg, P.^bw , Watkins, F.^bw , Ott, B.R.^ad , Querfurth, H.^ad , Tremont, G.^ad , Salloway, S.^ad , Malloy, P.^ad , Correia, S.^ad , Rosen, H.J.^j , Miller, B.L.^j , Perry, D.^j , Mintzer, J.^bx , Spicer, K.^bx , Bachman, D.^bx , Finger, E.^bq , Pasternak, S.^bq , Rachinsky, I.^bq , Rogers, J.^bq , Drost, D.^bq , Pomara, N.^by , Hernando, R.^by , Sarrael, A.^by , Schultz, S.K.^bz , Ponto, L.L.B.^bz , Shim, H.^bz , Smith, K.E.^bz , Relkin, N.^x , Chaing, G.^x , Lin, M.^x , Ravdin, L.^x , Smith, A.^ca , Raj, B.A.^ca , Fargher, K.^ca , Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative^cb

^a Univ. Bordeaux, LaBRI, UMR 5800, PICTURA, Talence, 33400, France
^b Bordeaux INP, LaBRI, UMR 5800, PICTURA, Talence, 33405, France
^c CNRS, LaBRI, UMR 5800, PICTURA, Talence, 33400, France
^d Univ. Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, Talence, 33400, France
^e CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, Talence, 33400, France
^f CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Neuroimagerie Diagnostique et thérapeutique, Bordeaux, 33076, France
^g Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U1215, Bordeaux, F-33077, France
^h Universitat Politècnica de València, ITACA, Valencia, F-46022, Spain
ⁱ Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
^j UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, United States
^k UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
^l Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
^m UC Berkeley, Berkeley, San Francisco, United States
ⁿ University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
^o USC, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
^p UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
^q Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
^r Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
^s Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
^t Prevent Alzheimer’s Disease 2020, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
^u Siemens, Erlangen, Germany
^v Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL 60631, United States
^w University of Pittsburg, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
^x Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
^y Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
^z AD Drug Discovery Foundation, New York, NY 10019, United States
^aa Acumen Pharmaceuticals, Livermore, CA 94551, United States
^ab Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
^ac National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
^ad Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States
^ae University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
^af University of London, London, United Kingdom
^ag UCLA, Torrance, CA 90509, United States
^ah University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800, United States
^ai University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
^aj Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85006, United States
^ak UUC Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, United States
^al Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
^am Richard Frank Consulting, New York, NY, United States
^an National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
^ao Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
^ap University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
^aq Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
^ar Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
^as Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
^at Wien Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, United States
^au Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
^av New York University, New York, NY, United States
^aw University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
^ax Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
^ay Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30307, United States
^az University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
^ba University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
^bb Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
^bc University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
^bd Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
^be McGill Univ. Montreal-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada
^bf Sunnybrook Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
^bg UBC Clinic for AD and Related Disorders, Vancouver, BC, Canada
^bh Cognitive Neurology-St. Joseph’s, London, ON, Canada
^bi Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV 89106, United States
^bj Premiere Research Inst (Palm Beach Neurology), West Palm Beach, FL, United States
^bk Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, United States
^bl Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
^bm Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
^bn Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, United States
^bo Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
^bp Neurological Care of CNY, Liverpool, NY 13088, United States
^bq St. Joseph’s Health Care, London, ON N6A 4H1, Canada
^br Dent Neurologic Institute, Amherst, NY 14226, United States
^bs Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
^bt Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States
^bu Hartford Hospital Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford, CT 06114, United States
^bv Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
^bw Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
^bx Medical University South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
^by Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, United States
^bz University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
^ca USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, United States

Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. © 2020, The Author(s).

Document Type: Erratum
Publication Stage: Final
Source: Scopus
Access Type: Open Access

“Exploration of glottal characteristics and the vocal folds behavior for the speech under emotion” (2020) Neurocomputing

Exploration of glottal characteristics and the vocal folds behavior for the speech under emotion
(2020) Neurocomputing, 410, pp. 328-341.

Yao, X.^a ^b , Bai, W.^c , Ren, Y.^d , Liu, X.^a , Hui, Z.^a

^a The College of IoT Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, 213000, China
^b Changzhou Key Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent Technology, Changzhou, 213000, China
^c Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
^d School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, China

Abstract
We preliminarily explore physiological characteristics of the vocal folds when the subject is under different emotional modes. Glottal variations from speech production representing the vocal folds behavior will be mainly discussed. We believe that emotion of the human subject has specific impact on the behavior of the vocal folds, which may result in the variations in glottal flow. This paper investigates the physiological characteristics of the vocal folds through variation in the glottal flow under different emotions. A modified algorithm, Pitch Synchronous Iterative Adaptive Inverse Filtering using Average Magnitude Difference Function based on Empirical Mode Decomposition (AMDFEMD-PSIAIF), is proposed to estimate the glottal flow. Glottal flow is discussed and measured by parameters representing the variations in the vibration behavior of the vocal folds. The physical parameters characterizing the muscle tension and viscosity of the vocal folds are estimated using a speech production model, and a fitting method using the glottal flow is proposed. Through an evaluation on a dataset containing over 1200 voice signals, the glottal and physical parameters are measured to verify the variation mode in vocal folds vibration. We obtain the true positive rate and the average sensitivity of each 9 parameter in 6 different emotional modes. Experimental results show that vocal folds present obvious physical changes when under different emotional modes. The CT muscle of the vocal folds is contracting for fear, happy, angry and surprise mode. The TA is relaxing for happy, angry and sad, while contracting when the speaker is under surprise. Fear and surprise make the surface of the vocal folds sticker, while viscosity reduction occurs when the speaker is experiencing sadness. Therefore, the vibration mechanism and physiological properties of the vocal folds corresponding to emotion modes are preliminarily explored. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.

Author Keywords
Emotion analysis; Glottal features; Physiological characteristics; Vibration behavior; Vocal folds

Document Type: Article
Publication Stage: Final
Source: Scopus

“LRRC8A-dependent volume-regulated anion channels contribute to ischemia-induced brain injury and glutamatergic input to hippocampal neurons” (2020) Experimental Neurology

LRRC8A-dependent volume-regulated anion channels contribute to ischemia-induced brain injury and glutamatergic input to hippocampal neurons
(2020) Experimental Neurology, 332, art. no. 113391, .

Zhou, J.-J.^a , Luo, Y.^a ^b , Chen, S.-R.^a , Shao, J.-Y.^a , Sah, R.^c , Pan, H.-L.^a

^a Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
^b Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
^c Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States

Abstract
Volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs) are critically involved in regulating cell volume, and leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 8A (LRRC8A, SWELL1) is an obligatory subunit of VRACs. Cell swelling occurs early after brain ischemia, but it is unclear whether neuronal LRRC8a contributes to ischemia-induced glutamate release and brain injury. We found that Lrrc8a conditional knockout (Lrrc8a-cKO) mice produced by crossing NestinCre+/− with Lrrc8aflox+/+ mice died 7–8 weeks of age, indicating an essential role of neuronal LRRC8A for survival. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) caused an early increase in LRRC8A protein levels in the hippocampus in wild-type (WT) mice. Whole-cell patch-clamp recording in brain slices revealed that oxygen-glucose deprivation significantly increased the amplitude of VRAC currents in hippocampal CA1 neurons in WT but not in Lrrc8a-cKO mice. Hypotonicity increased the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) in hippocampal CA1 neurons in WT mice, and this was abolished by DCPIB, a VRAC blocker. But in Lrrc8a-cKO mice, hypotonic solution had no effect on the frequency of sEPSCs in these neurons. Furthermore, the brain infarct volume and neurological severity score induced by MCAO were significantly lower in Lrrc8a-cKO mice than in WT mice. In addition, MCAO-induced increases in cleaved caspase-3 and calpain activity, two biochemical markers of neuronal apoptosis and death, in brain tissues were significantly attenuated in Lrrc8a-cKO mice compared with WT mice. These new findings indicate that cerebral ischemia increases neuronal LRRC8A-dependent VRAC activity and that VRACs contribute to increased glutamatergic input to hippocampal neurons and brain injury caused by ischemic stroke. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.

Author Keywords
Electrophysiology; Excitotoxicity; Ion channel; NMDA receptor; Presynaptic; Reperfusion; SWELL1 channel; Synaptic plasticity

Document Type: Article
Publication Stage: Final
Source: Scopus

“Anti-human TREM2 induces microglia proliferation and reduces pathology in an Alzheimer’s disease model” (2020) The Journal of Experimental Medicine

Anti-human TREM2 induces microglia proliferation and reduces pathology in an Alzheimer’s disease model
(2020) The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 217 (9), .

Wang, S.^a , Mustafa, M.^b , Yuede, C.M.^c , Salazar, S.V.^b , Kong, P.^b , Long, H.^b , Ward, M.^b , Siddiqui, O.^b , Paul, R.^b , Gilfillan, S.^a , Ibrahim, A.^b , Rhinn, H.^b , Tassi, I.^b , Rosenthal, A.^b , Schwabe, T.^b , Colonna, M.^a

^a Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
^b Alector LLC, South San Francisco, CA
^c Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO

Abstract
TREM2 is a receptor for lipids expressed in microglia. The R47H variant of human TREM2 impairs ligand binding and increases Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk. In mouse models of amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation, defective TREM2 function affects microglial response to Aβ plaques, exacerbating tissue damage, whereas TREM2 overexpression attenuates pathology. Thus, AD may benefit from TREM2 activation. Here, we examined the impact of an anti-human TREM2 agonistic mAb, AL002c, in a mouse AD model expressing either the common variant (CV) or the R47H variant of TREM2. Single-cell RNA-seq of microglia after acute systemic administration of AL002c showed induction of proliferation in both CV- and R47H-transgenic mice. Prolonged administration of AL002c reduced filamentous plaques and neurite dystrophy, impacted behavior, and tempered microglial inflammatory response. We further showed that a variant of AL002c is safe and well tolerated in a first-in-human phase I clinical trial and engages TREM2 based on cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. We conclude that AL002 is a promising candidate for AD therapy. © 2020 Wang et al.

Document Type: Article
Publication Stage: Final
Source: Scopus
Access Type: Open Access

“Interpersonal psychotherapy for the prevention of binge-eating disorder and adult obesity in an African American adolescent military dependent boy” (2020) Eating Behaviors

Interpersonal psychotherapy for the prevention of binge-eating disorder and adult obesity in an African American adolescent military dependent boy
(2020) Eating Behaviors, 38, art. no. 101408, .

Burke, N.L.^a , Higgins Neyland, M.K.^b , Young, J.F.^c ^d , Wilfley, D.E.^e , Tanofsky-Kraff, M.^b ^f

^a Department of Psychology, Fordham University, 411 East Fordham Road, Dealy Hall, Bronx, NY 10458, United States
^b Military Outcomes Cardiovascular Research (MiCOR), Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
^c Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399, United States
^d Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
^e Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, Campus Box 8134, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
^f Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, USUHS, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States

Abstract
Objective: Military adolescent boys report similar levels of disordered-eating as their female counterparts. Yet, interventions for the prevention of full-threshold eating disorders in adolescent boys are lacking. Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), an evidenced-based therapy adapted for the prevention of BED and adult obesity, has been studied in adolescent girls, but it is unclear whether IPT might resonate with adolescent boys. Method: The current case study elucidates the use of a 12-week IPT group intervention for the prevention of BED and adult obesity in adulthood for an African American adolescent military dependent boy with reported loss-of-control (LOC)-eating, obesity, and elevated mood symptoms. Results: LOC-eating and body mass index metrics decreased immediately post-intervention and further decreased by one-year follow-up. Social functioning scores improved and anxiety and depression scores decreased from baseline to one-year follow-up. In contrast to previous observations among girls, these improvements were evidenced without the teen’s explicit acknowledgement of the link between mood and eating behaviors. Discussion: Although the mechanism of change may manifest differently than for girls, adapted IPT may be an effective intervention strategy for adolescent boys with LOC-eating and obesity who endorse elevated mood symptoms. © 2020

Author Keywords
Adolescent boy; African American; Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT); Loss-of-control eating; Obesity

Document Type: Article
Publication Stage: Final
Source: Scopus

“Testing the efficacy of a brief exercise intervention for enhancing exposure therapy outcomes” (2020) Journal of Anxiety Disorders

Testing the efficacy of a brief exercise intervention for enhancing exposure therapy outcomes
(2020) Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 74, art. no. 102266, .

Weisman, J.S., Rodebaugh, T.L.

Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States

Abstract
Recently, it has been hypothesized that a brief bout of exercise could cognitively enhance extinction learning processes theorized to underlie exposure therapy for pathological anxiety. The present study tested the exercise enhancement hypothesis in a sample of speech-anxious undergraduates (n = 84). During the first laboratory session, participants engaged in either 30 min of moderate-intensity exercise on a cycling ergometer (n = 37) or seated rest (n = 47) immediately following a brief speech exposure trial. They returned approximately one week later to give a follow-up speech. Contrary to expectation, there were no significant between-group differences in memory of a brief word list across four recall trials, which served as a manipulation check. Further, all main effects and interactions involving condition were nonsignificant. Post hoc tests revealed that participants who reported higher average perceived exertion during exercise demonstrated increases in an average anxiety composite across speeches relative to those who reported lower average perceived exertion, indicating that trying hard during the intervention predicted worse exposure trial outcomes. The implications of these findings, as well as future directions for this line of research, are explored. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd

Author Keywords
Exposure therapy; Extinction theory; Social anxiety

Document Type: Article
Publication Stage: Final
Source: Scopus

“Age disparities in six-month treatment retention for opioid use disorder” (2020) Drug and Alcohol Dependence

Age disparities in six-month treatment retention for opioid use disorder
(2020) Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 213, art. no. 108130, .

Mintz, C.M.^a , Presnall, N.J.^a , Sahrmann, J.M.^b , Borodovsky, J.T.^a , Glaser, P.E.A.^a , Bierut, L.J.^a , Grucza, R.A.^a

^a Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
^b Department of Internal Medicine at Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States

Abstract
Background and Aims: Adolescents with opioid use disorder (OUD) are an understudied and vulnerable population. We examined the association between age and six-month treatment retention, and whether any such association was moderated by medication treatment. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we used an insurance database with OUD treatment claims from 2006−2016. We examined 261,356 OUD treatment episodes in three age groups: adolescents (ages 12−17), young adults (18−25) and older adults (26−64). We used logistic regression to estimate prevalence of six-month retention before and after stratification by treatment type (buprenorphine, naltrexone, or psychosocial only). Insurance differences (commercial vs Medicaid) in medication treatment prevalence were also assessed. Results: Adolescents were less likely to be retained compared to adults (17.6 %; 95 % CI 16.5–18.7 % for adolescents; 25.1 %; 95 % CI 24.7–25.4 % for young adults; 33.3 %; 95 % CI 33.0–33.5 % for older adults). This disparity was reduced after adjusting for treatment type. For all ages, buprenorphine was more strongly associated with retention than naltrexone or psychosocial treatment. Adolescents who received buprenorphine were more than four times as likely to be retained in treatment (44.8 %; 95 % CI 40.6–49.0) compared to those who received psychosocial services (9.7 %; 95 % CI 8.8–10.8). Persons with commercial insurance were more likely to receive medication than those with Medicaid (73 % vs 36 %, (χ2 = 38,042.6, p < .001). Conclusions: Age disparities in six-month treatment retention are strongly related to age disparities in medication treatment. Results point to need for improved implementation of medication treatment for persons with OUD, regardless of age or insurance status. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.

Author Keywords
Adolescence; Age disparity; Buprenorphine; Insurance disparity; Naltrexone; Opioid use disorder; Treatment retention

Document Type: Article
Publication Stage: Final
Source: Scopus

“Make News: Modelling adversity-predicated resilience” (2020) Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry

Make News: Modelling adversity-predicated resilience
(2020) Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 54 (7), pp. 762-765.

Malhi, G.S.^a ^b ^c , Das, P.^a ^b ^c , Bell, E.^a ^b ^c , Mattingly, G.W.^d ^e , Mannie, Z.^a ^b ^c ^f

^a The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Northern Clinical School, Department of Psychiatry, Sydney, NSW, Australia
^b Academic Department of Psychiatry, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
^c CADE Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
^d School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
^e Midwest Research Group, St. Louis, MO, United States
^f NSW Health and Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia

Document Type: Article
Publication Stage: Final
Source: Scopus

“Length of Resuscitation for Severely Depressed Newborns” (2020) American Journal of Perinatology

Length of Resuscitation for Severely Depressed Newborns
(2020) American Journal of Perinatology, 37 (9), pp. 933-938.

Zhang, S.Q.^a , Friedman, H.^b , Strand, M.L.^a

^a Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
^b Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Current guidelines for neonatal resuscitation suggest it may be reasonable to stop resuscitation after 10 minutes in infants born with no detectable heartbeat. This study describes the length of resuscitation provided in a cohort of profoundly compromised newborn infants. STUDY DESIGN: Chart review of a regional hospital system database of newborn infants from 2010 to 2017 with a documented 10-minute Apgar score of 0 or 1. RESULTS: From a total birth population of 49,876 infants, 172 newborns were identified. Of these, 133 infants did not receive resuscitation and died while receiving comfort care. In the 39 resuscitated infants, 15 (38%) achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) at an average of 20 minutes; 32 of these 39 newborns (82%) died within 24 hours. Average time to ROSC for survivors was 17.8 minutes. Death or severe neurologic disability at 15 to 24 months of age was present in 92% (36/39) of resuscitated infants. CONCLUSION: Prolonged resuscitation of newborns is rare. In this cohort, 92% died or had severe neurodevelopmental disability. Infants with ROSC received 20 minutes of resuscitation. Infants with ROSC typically did not survive beyond 24 hours unless they survived to discharge. To increase the number of infants with ROSC, continuing resuscitation beyond 10 minutes may be reasonable. Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Document Type: Article
Publication Stage: Final
Source: Scopus

“Biomarkers in Down syndrome can help us understand Alzheimer’s disease” (2020) The Lancet

Biomarkers in Down syndrome can help us understand Alzheimer’s disease
(2020) The Lancet, 395 (10242), pp. 1951-1953.

Head, E.^a , Ances, B.^b

^a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
^b Department of Neurology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, United States

Document Type: Note
Publication Stage: Final
Source: Scopus
Access Type: Open Access

“Behavioral and Neural Signatures of Working Memory in Childhood” (2020) The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience

Behavioral and Neural Signatures of Working Memory in Childhood
(2020) The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 40 (26), pp. 5090-5104.

Rosenberg, M.D.^a ^b , Martinez, S.A.^b , Rapuano, K.M.^b , Conley, M.I.^b , Cohen, A.O.^c , Cornejo, M.D.^d ^e , Hagler, D.J., Jr^d , Meredith, W.J.^f , Anderson, K.M.^b , Wager, T.D.^g ^h , Feczko, E.ⁱ ^j , Earl, E.ⁱ , Fair, D.A.ⁱ ^k ^l , Barch, D.M.^m ⁿ ^o , Watts, R.^b , Casey, B.J.^p

^a Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, Mexico
^b Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
^c Department of Psychology and Neural Science, New York University, NY, NY 10003
^d Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92122
^e Institute of Physics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago 8331150, Chile
^f Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, Mexico
^g Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80302, Boulder, United States
^h Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth CollegeHanover NH 03755, Jamaica
ⁱ Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortland OR 97239, Jamaica
^j Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortland OR 97239, Jamaica
^k Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortland OR 97239, Jamaica
^l Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortland OR 97239, Jamaica
^m Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
ⁿ Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
^o Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine,St. Louis, MO 63110
^p Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States

Abstract
Working memory function changes across development and varies across individuals. The patterns of behavior and brain function that track individual differences in working memory during human development, however, are not well understood. Here, we establish associations between working memory, other cognitive abilities, and functional MRI (fMRI) activation in data from over 11,500 9- to 10-year-old children (both sexes) enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, an ongoing longitudinal study in the United States. Behavioral analyses reveal robust relationships between working memory, short-term memory, language skills, and fluid intelligence. Analyses relating out-of-scanner working memory performance to memory-related fMRI activation in an emotional n-back task demonstrate that frontoparietal activity during a working memory challenge indexes working memory performance. This relationship is domain specific, such that fMRI activation related to emotion processing during the emotional n-back task, inhibitory control during a stop-signal task (SST), and reward processing during a monetary incentive delay (MID) task does not track memory abilities. Together, these results inform our understanding of individual differences in working memory in childhood and lay the groundwork for characterizing the ways in which they change across adolescence.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Working memory is a foundational cognitive ability that changes over time and varies across individuals. Here, we analyze data from over 11,500 9- to 10-year-olds to establish relationships between working memory, other cognitive abilities, and frontoparietal brain activity during a working memory challenge, but not during other cognitive challenges. Our results lay the groundwork for assessing longitudinal changes in working memory and predicting later academic and other real-world outcomes. Copyright © 2020 the authors.

Author Keywords
development; fMRI; frontoparietal; n-back; working memory

Document Type: Article
Publication Stage: Final
Source: Scopus

“Coupling of Ca2+ and voltage activation in BK channels through the αB helix/voltage sensor interface” (2020) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Coupling of Ca2+ and voltage activation in BK channels through the αB helix/voltage sensor interface
(2020) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117 (25), pp. 14512-14521.

Geng, Y.^a , Deng, Z.^b , Zhang, G.^c , Budelli, G.^d , Butler, A.^d , Yuan, P.^b , Cui, J.^c , Salkoff, L.^d ^e , Magleby, K.L.^f

^a Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami FL 33136
^b Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110
^c Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110
^d Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110
^e Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110
^f Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami FL 33136;

Abstract
Large-conductance Ca2+ and voltage-activated K+ (BK) channels control membrane excitability in many cell types. BK channels are tetrameric. Each subunit is composed of a voltage sensor domain (VSD), a central pore-gate domain, and a large cytoplasmic domain (CTD) that contains the Ca2+ sensors. While it is known that BK channels are activated by voltage and Ca2+, and that voltage and Ca2+ activations interact, less is known about the mechanisms involved. We explore here these mechanisms by examining the gating contribution of an interface formed between the VSDs and the αB helices located at the top of the CTDs. Proline mutations in the αB helix greatly decreased voltage activation while having negligible effects on gating currents. Analysis with the Horrigan, Cui, and Aldrich model indicated a decreased coupling between voltage sensors and pore gate. Proline mutations decreased Ca2+ activation for both Ca2+ bowl and RCK1 Ca2+ sites, suggesting that both high-affinity Ca2+ sites transduce their effect, at least in part, through the αB helix. Mg2+ activation also decreased. The crystal structure of the CTD with proline mutation L390P showed a flattening of the first helical turn in the αB helix compared to wild type, without other notable differences in the CTD, indicating that structural changes from the mutation were confined to the αB helix. These findings indicate that an intact αB helix/VSD interface is required for effective coupling of Ca2+ binding and voltage depolarization to pore opening and that shared Ca2+ and voltage transduction pathways involving the αB helix may be involved.

Author Keywords
allosteric coupling; BK channel; Ca2+-activated K+ channel; patch clamp; Slo1 channel

Document Type: Article
Publication Stage: Final
Source: Scopus

“Single-molecule orientation localization microscopy for resolving structural heterogeneities between amyloid fibrils” (2020) Optica

Single-molecule orientation localization microscopy for resolving structural heterogeneities between amyloid fibrils
(2020) Optica, 7 (6), pp. 602-607.

Ding, T.^a ^b , Wu, T.^a ^b , Mazidi, H.^a ^b , Zhang, O.^a ^b , Lew, M.D.^a ^b ^c

^a Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
^b Center for Science and Engineering of Living Systems, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
^c Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States

Abstract
Simultaneous measurements of single-molecule positions and orientations provide critical insight into a variety of biological and chemical processes. Various engineered point spread functions (PSFs) have been introduced for measuring the orientation and rotational diffusion of dipole-like emitters, but the widely used Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) only evaluates performance for one specific orientation at a time. Here, we report a performance metric, termed variance upper bound (VUB), that yields a global maximum CRB for all possible molecular orientations, thereby enabling the measurement performance of any PSF to be computed efficiently (∼1000× faster than calculating average CRB). Our VUB reveals that the simple polarized standard PSF provides robust and precise orientation measurements if emitters are near a refractive index interface. Using this PSF, we measure the orientations and positions of Nile red (NR) molecules transiently bound to amyloid aggregates. Our super-resolved images reveal the main binding mode of NR on amyloid fiber surfaces, as well as structural heterogeneities along amyloid fibrillar networks, that cannot be resolved by single-molecule localization alone. © 2020 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

Document Type: Article
Publication Stage: Final
Source: Scopus

“Self-Perception of Physical Function Contributes to Participation in Cognitively- and Physically-Demanding Activities After Stroke” (2020) Frontiers in Neurology

Self-Perception of Physical Function Contributes to Participation in Cognitively- and Physically-Demanding Activities After Stroke
(2020) Frontiers in Neurology, 11, art. no. 474, .

Nicholas, M.L.^a , Burch, K.^b , Mitchell, J.R.^c , Fox, A.B.^d , Baum, C.M.^e , Connor, L.T.^b ^c

^a Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, United States
^b Program in Occupational Therapy and Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. LouisMO, United States
^c Department of Occupational Therapy, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, United States
^d Center for Interprofessional Studies and Innovation, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, United States
^e Program in Occupational Therapy and Departments of Neurology Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States

Abstract
Background: Persons with and without aphasia experience decreased participation in meaningful activities post-stroke that result in reduced autonomy and poorer quality of life. Physical, cognitive, and/or communication deficits are prevalent post-stroke and many activities given up are purported to require high levels of communicative, cognitive, or physical skill. However, the relationship between deficits after stroke and participation in life activities that appear to require high skill levels in these three areas has not been investigated fully. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to: (1) determine differences in reported participation in communicatively-, cognitively-, or physically-demanding activities in persons after stroke with and without aphasia living in the community, and to (2) investigate whether performance on commonly used self-perception assessments of these three areas predicts reported participation in activities requiring higher levels of skill in these domains. Methods: In a cross-sectional design, 82 individuals at least 6 months post-stroke with (N = 34) and without aphasia (N = 48) were administered a battery of neuropsychological and participation-based assessments. Supported communication techniques maximized inclusion of individuals with aphasia. A series of regression analyses investigated the relationship between self-perceived communicative, cognitive, and physical functioning and reported participation in activities post-stroke that required high amounts of skilled function in these areas. Results: People with and without aphasia did not differ in terms of the percentage retained in communicatively-, cognitively-, or physically-demanding activities. All individuals retained higher levels of participation in communicatively- and cognitively-demanding activities (at least 60% retained), compared to participation inphysically-demanding activities (about 50% retained). The strongest predictor for retaining participation in two of the three domains of activities was self-perception of physical function, though much of the variance remained unexplained. Self-perception of communication was not related to participation retention in any of the three domains. Significance of Impact: Rehabilitation professionals should be aware of the impact that a variety of communicative, cognitive, and physical factors may have on participation post-stroke. Self-perceptions of impairments in communication and cognition may not directly predict participation in activities requiring high levels of communicative and/or cognitive skill, at least for those with mild impairment, even though activities requiring those skills are given up or done less after stroke. © Copyright © 2020 Nicholas, Burch, Mitchell, Fox, Baum and Connor.

Author Keywords
activity participation; aphasia; cognition; community reintegration; patient-reported outcome assessment; physical function and mobility; stroke

Document Type: Article
Publication Stage: Final
Source: Scopus
Access Type: Open Access

“Electroencephalography: Clinical Applications During the Perioperative Period” (2020) Frontiers in Medicine

Electroencephalography: Clinical Applications During the Perioperative Period
(2020) Frontiers in Medicine, 7, art. no. 251, .

Sun, Y.^a , Wei, C.^a , Cui, V.^b , Xiu, M.^c , Wu, A.^a

^a Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
^b Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
^c Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China

Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring has become technically feasible in daily clinical anesthesia practice. EEG is a sensitive method for detecting neurophysiological changes in the brain and represents an important frontier in the monitoring and treatment of patients in the perioperative period. In this review, we briefly introduce the essential principles of EEG. We review EEG application during anesthesia practice in the operating room, including the use of processed EEG in depth of anesthesia assessment, raw EEG monitoring in recognizing brain states under different anesthetic agents, the use of EEG in the prevention of perioperative neurocognitive disorders and detection of cerebral ischemia. We then discuss EEG utilization in the intensive care units, including the use of EEG in sedative level titration and prognostication of clinical outcomes. Existing literature provides insight into both the advances and challenges of the clinical applications of EEG. Future study is clearly needed to elucidate the precise EEG features that can reliably optimize perioperative care for individual patients. © Copyright © 2020 Sun, Wei, Cui, Xiu and Wu.

Author Keywords
cerebral ischemia; cognitive function; depth of anesthesia; EEG; prognostication

Document Type: Review
Publication Stage: Final
Source: Scopus
Access Type: Open Access

“Lysosome impairment as a trigger for inflammation in obesity: The proof is in the fat” (2020) EBioMedicine

Lysosome impairment as a trigger for inflammation in obesity: The proof is in the fat
(2020) EBioMedicine, 56, p. 102824.

Rawnsley, D.R.^a , Diwan, A.^b

^a Cardiolovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, 660 S. Euclid, CSRB 827 NTA, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
^b Cardiolovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, 660 S. Euclid, CSRB 827 NTA, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, United States

Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic contributing to the rising prevalence of multiple disorders including metabolic syndrome, diabetes, fatty liver disease, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease and certain cancers. A renewed sense of urgency is required as obesity remains an intractable problem, despite a rapidly expanding armamentarium of behavioral, pharmacologic and surgical approaches which fall short of delivering sustained results. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Author Keywords
CD36; Lysosome; Obesity; Pre-adipocytes

Document Type: Article
Publication Stage: Final
Source: Scopus
Access Type: Open Access

“Structured Event Memory: A neuro-symbolic model of event cognition” (2020) Psychological Review

Structured Event Memory: A neuro-symbolic model of event cognition
(2020) Psychological Review, 127 (3), pp. 327-361.

Franklin, N.T.^a , Norman, K.A.^b , Ranganath, C.^c , Zacks, J.M.^d , Gershman, S.J.^a

^a Department of Psychology, Harvard University
^b Department of Psychology and Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University
^c Center for Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, United States
^d Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis

Abstract
Humans spontaneously organize a continuous experience into discrete events and use the learned structure of these events to generalize and organize memory. We introduce the Structured Event Memory (SEM) model of event cognition, which accounts for human abilities in event segmentation, memory, and generalization. SEM is derived from a probabilistic generative model of event dynamics defined over structured symbolic scenes. By embedding symbolic scene representations in a vector space and parametrizing the scene dynamics in this continuous space, SEM combines the advantages of structured and neural network approaches to high-level cognition. Using probabilistic reasoning over this generative model, SEM can infer event boundaries, learn event schemata, and use event knowledge to reconstruct past experience. We show that SEM can scale up to high-dimensional input spaces, producing human-like event segmentation for naturalistic video data, and accounts for a wide array of memory phenomena. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Document Type: Article
Publication Stage: Final
Source: Scopus

“Urban-Rural Inequities in Acute Stroke Care and In-Hospital Mortality” (2020) Stroke

Urban-Rural Inequities in Acute Stroke Care and In-Hospital Mortality
(2020) Stroke, pp. 2131-2138.

Hammond, G.^a , Luke, A.A.^b , Elson, L.^b , Towfighi, A.^c , Towfighi, A.^d , Joynt Maddox, K.E.^a

^a Division of Cardiology, United States
^b Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
^c Department of Neurology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, United States
^d Institute for Public Health at Washington University, St Louis, MO, United States

Abstract
Background and Purpose: The rural-urban life-expectancy gap is widening, but underlying causes are incompletely understood. Prior studies suggest stroke care may be worse for individuals in more rural areas, and technological advancements in stroke care may disproportionately impact individuals in more rural areas. We sought to examine differences and 5-year trends in the care and outcomes of patients hospitalized for stroke across rural-urban strata. Methods: Retrospective cohort study using National Inpatient Sample data from 2012 to 2017. Rurality was classified by county of residence according to the 6-strata National Center for Health Statistics classification scheme. Results: There were 792 054 hospitalizations for acute stroke in our sample. Rural patients were more often white (78% versus 49%), older than 75 (44% versus 40%), and in the lowest quartile of income (59% versus 32%) compared with urban patients. Among patients with acute ischemic stroke, intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular therapy use were lower for rural compared with urban patients (intravenous thrombolysis: 4.2% versus 9.2%, adjusted odds ratio, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.51-0.59], P<0.001; endovascular therapy: 1.63% versus 2.41%, adjusted odds ratio, 0.64 [0.57-0.73], P<0.001). Urban-rural gaps in both therapies persisted from 2012 to 2017. Overall, stroke mortality was higher in rural than urban areas (6.87% versus 5.82%, P<0.001). Adjusted in-patient mortality rates increased across categories of increasing rurality (suburban, 0.97 [0.94-1.0], P=0.086; large towns, 1.05 [1.01-1.09], P=0.009; small towns, 1.10 [1.06-1.15], P<0.001; micropolitan rural, 1.16 [1.11-1.21], P<0.001; and remote rural 1.21 [1.15-1.27], P<0.001 compared with urban patients. Mortality for rural patients compared with urban patients did not improve from 2012 (adjusted odds ratio, 1.12 [1.00-1.26], P<0.001) to 2017 (adjusted odds ratio, 1.27 [1.13-1.42], P<0.001). Conclusions: Rural patients with stroke were less likely to receive intravenous thrombolysis or endovascular therapy and had higher in-hospital mortality than their urban counterparts. These gaps did not improve over time. Enhancing access to evidence-based stroke care may be a target for reducing rural-urban disparities. © 2020 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Author Keywords
health inequities; hospital mortality; inpatient; stroke

Document Type: Article
Publication Stage: Article in Press
Source: Scopus

“Prehospital Triage of Acute Stroke Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic” (2020) Stroke

Prehospital Triage of Acute Stroke Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic
(2020) Stroke, pp. 2263-2267.

Goyal, M.^a , Goyal, M.^b , Ospel, J.M.^a , Ospel, J.M.^c , Southerland, A.M.^d , Wira, C.^e , Amin-Hanjani, S.^f , Fraser, J.F.^g , Panagos, P.^h

^a Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Canada
^b Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Calgary, Canada
^c Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland
^d Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, United States
^e Yale Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale Stroke Program, New Haven, CT, United States
^f Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois, United States
^g Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurology, Radiology, and Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, United States
^h Division of Emergency Medicine, Washington University, School of Medicine, St Louis, United States

Abstract
Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has broad implications on stroke patient triage. Emergency medical services providers have to ensure timely transfer of patients while minimizing the risk of infectious exposure for themselves, their co-workers, and other patients. This statement paper provides a conceptual framework for acute stroke patient triage and transfer during the COVID-19 pandemic and similar healthcare emergencies in the future. © 2020 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Author Keywords
COVID-19; emergencies; pandemics; stroke; triage

Document Type: Review
Publication Stage: Article in Press
Source: Scopus
Access Type: Open Access

“Surgery requiring general anesthesia in preterm infants is associated with altered brain volumes at term equivalent age and neurodevelopmental impairment” (2020) Pediatric Research

Surgery requiring general anesthesia in preterm infants is associated with altered brain volumes at term equivalent age and neurodevelopmental impairment
(2020) Pediatric Research, .

Walsh, B.H.^a ^b , Paul, R.A.^c , Inder, T.E.^a , Shimony, J.S.^d , Smyser, C.D.^d ^e ^f , Rogers, C.E.^f ^g

^a Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
^b Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
^c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
^d Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
^e Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
^f Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
^g Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States

Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to describe and contrast the brain development and outcome among very preterm infants that were and were not exposed to surgery requiring general anesthesia prior to term equivalent age (TEA). Methods: Preterm infants born ≤30 weeks’ gestation who did (n = 25) and did not (n = 59) have surgery requiring general anesthesia during the preterm period were studied. At TEA, infants had MRI scans performed with measures of brain tissue volumes, cortical surface area, Gyrification Index, and white matter microstructure. Neurodevelopmental follow-up with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition was undertaken at 2 years of corrected age. Multivariate models, adjusted for clinical and social risk factors, were used to compare the groups. Results: After controlling for clinical and social variables, preterm infants exposed to surgical anesthesia demonstrated decreased relative white matter volumes at TEA and lower cognitive and motor composite scores at 2-year follow-up. Those with longer surgical exposure demonstrated the greatest decrease in white matter volumes and lower cognitive and motor outcomes at age 2 years. Conclusions: Very preterm infants who required surgery during the preterm period had lower white mater volumes at TEA and worse neurodevelopmental outcome at age 2 years. Impact: In very preterm infants, there is an association between surgery requiring general anesthesia during the preterm period and reduced white mater volume on MRI at TEA and lower cognitive and motor composite scores at age 2 years.It is known that the very preterm infant’s brain undergoes rapid growth during the period corresponding to the third trimester.The current study suggests an association between surgery requiring general anesthesia during this period and worse outcomes. © 2020, International Pediatric Research Foundation, Inc.

Document Type: Article
Publication Stage: Article in Press
Source: Scopus

“Stephanus Bisius (1724–1790) on mania and melancholy, and the disorder called plica polonica” (2020) Journal of the History of the Neurosciences

Stephanus Bisius (1724–1790) on mania and melancholy, and the disorder called plica polonica
(2020) Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, .

Sakalauskaitė-Juodeikienė, E.^a , Eling, P.^b , Finger, S.^c

^a Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Medical Ethics, Law and History, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
^b Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
^c Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, and Program in History of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States

Abstract
Stephanus Bisius (1724–1790) was a physician of Italian descent and a graduate of the University of Pavia. He was invited to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the early 1760s and became head of the Faculty of Medicine at Vilnius University in 1781. In 1772, Bisius had authored the first original study on nervous and mental diseases in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In his 35-page booklet, written in Latin and Polish, Bisius characterized mania and melancholy as diseases of the brain, explaining that the organs that feed the human soul are affected, not the soul itself. He introduced the principles of humoralism and solidism to readers, and recognized that autopsies had failed to reveal reliable findings concerning mania or melancholy. Bisius also described the origins of the challenging disorder called plica polonica, a strange condition associated with tufts of matted hair. As a physician during the medical Enlightenment, Bisius criticized metaphysical speculations in medicine and stated that plica was only a result of superstitions. Even though he proposed antiphlogistic treatments for patients with mania and melancholy, he maintained that time and faith in God might help some patients overcome their infirmities. © 2020, © 2020 Taylor & Francis.

Author Keywords
eighteenth century; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; mania; melancholy; plica polonica; Stephanus Bisius; Vilnius University

Document Type: Article
Publication Stage: Article in Press
Source: Scopus

“Mindfulness, Education, and Exercise for age-related cognitive decline: Study protocol, pilot study results, and description of the baseline sample” (2020) Clinical Trials

Mindfulness, Education, and Exercise for age-related cognitive decline: Study protocol, pilot study results, and description of the baseline sample
(2020) Clinical Trials, .

Wetherell, J.L.^a ^b , Ripperger, H.S.^c , Voegtle, M.^c , Ances, B.M.^d , Balota, D.^e , Bower, E.S.^b , Depp, C.^a ^b , Eyler, L.^b , Foster, E.R.^c ^d ^f , Head, D.^e ^g , Hershey, T.^c ^g , Hickman, S.^b , Kamantigue, N.^b , Klein, S.^h , Miller, J.P.ⁱ , Yingling, M.D.^c , Nichols, J.^b , Nicol, G.E.^c , Patterson, B.W.^h , Rodebaugh, T.L.^e , Shimony, J.S.^g , Snyder, A.^g , Stephens, M.^c , Tate, S.^b , Uhrich, M.L.^c ^j , Wing, D.^b , Wu, G.F.^d ^k , Lenze, E.J.^c , On Behalf of the MEDEX Research Group^l

^a VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
^b University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
^c Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
^d Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
^e Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
^f Program in Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
^g Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
^h Center for Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
ⁱ Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. LouisMO, United States
^j Program in Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
^k Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States

Abstract
Background/Aims: Age-related cognitive decline is a pervasive problem in our aging population. To date, no pharmacological treatments to halt or reverse cognitive decline are available. Behavioral interventions, such as physical exercise and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, may reduce or reverse cognitive decline, but rigorously designed randomized controlled trials are needed to test the efficacy of such interventions. Methods: Here, we describe the design of the Mindfulness, Education, and Exercise study, an 18-month randomized controlled trial that will assess the effect of two interventions—mindfulness training plus moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise or moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise alone—compared with a health education control group on cognitive function in older adults. An extensive battery of biobehavioral assessments will be used to understand the mechanisms of cognitive remediation, by using structural and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and metabolic and behavioral assessments. Results: We provide the results from a preliminary study (n = 29) of non-randomized pilot participants who received both the exercise and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction interventions. We also provide details on the recruitment and baseline characteristics of the randomized controlled trial sample (n = 585). Conclusion: When complete, the Mindfulness, Education, and Exercise study will inform the research community on the efficacy of these widely available interventions improve cognitive functioning in older adults. © The Author(s) 2020.

Author Keywords
aerobic exercise; aging; elderly; intervention study; Meditation

Document Type: Article
Publication Stage: Article in Press
Source: Scopus

“Pegvaliase for the treatment of phenylketonuria: Results of the phase 2 dose-finding studies with long-term follow-up” (2020) Molecular Genetics and Metabolism

Pegvaliase for the treatment of phenylketonuria: Results of the phase 2 dose-finding studies with long-term follow-up
(2020) Molecular Genetics and Metabolism, .

Burton, B.K.^a , Longo, N.^b , Vockley, J.^c , Grange, D.K.^d , Harding, C.O.^e , Decker, C.^f , Li, M.^f , Lau, K.^f , Rosen, O.^f , Larimore, K.^f , Thomas, J.^g , on behalf of the PAL-002 and PAL-004 Investigators^h

^a Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Birth Defects & Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
^b Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Utah, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States
^c Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Pittsburgh and Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
^d Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Washington University, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
^e Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
^f Research and Development, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Dr, Novato, CA 94949, United States
^g Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12605 E 16th St, Aurora, CO 80045, United States

Abstract
Background: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is characterized by a deficiency in phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) that may lead to elevated blood phenylalanine (Phe) and significant neurocognitive and neuropsychological comorbidities. Pegvaliase (PALYNZIQ®, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.) is a PEGylated recombinant Anabaena variabilis phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), which converts Phe to trans-cinnamic acid and ammonia, and was approved in May 2018 in the United States and in May 2019 in the European Union for decreasing blood Phe levels in adults with PKU with blood Phe levels >600 μmol/L. The efficacy and safety of pegvaliase was assessed in two phase 2 dose-finding studies in adults with PKU (PAL-002, NCT00925054, and PAL-004, NCT01212744). Participants completing these studies could enroll in a long-term extension study (PAL-003, NCT00924703). Methods: Participants in PAL-002 received pegvaliase 0.001, 0.003, 0.01, 0.03, or 0.1 mg/kg weekly for 8 weeks, then continued treatment for a further 8 weeks with dose and/or frequency adjusted to achieve blood Phe concentrations of 60 to 600 μmol/L. Participants in PAL-004 received pegvaliase 0.001 to 0.4 mg/kg 5 days/week for 13 weeks, with modifications made to the starting dose in response to safety and/or efficacy, followed by 3 additional weeks of follow-up assessments. The maximum allowable daily dose in both studies was 1.0 mg/kg/day (5.0 mg/kg/week). Participants who completed any of the phase 2 studies (PAL-002; PAL-004; or a third phase 2 study, 165-205) were eligible to enroll in an open-label, multicenter, long-term extension study (PAL-003, NCT00924703). Results: Thirty-seven of the 40 enrolled participants completed PAL-002 and 15 of the 16 enrolled participants completed PAL-004. Mean blood Phe at baseline was 1311.0 (standard deviation [SD] 354) μmol/L in PAL-002 and 1482.1 (SD 363.5) μmol/L in PAL-004. Mean blood Phe did not substantially decrease with pegvaliase treatment in PAL-002 (−206.3 [SD 287.1] μmol/L at Week 16) or PAL-004 (−410.8 [SD 653.7] μmol/L at Week 13). In PAL-004, mean blood Phe dropped from baseline by 929.1 μmol/L (SD 691.1) by Week 2; subsequent to dose modifications and interruptions, this early decrease in mean Phe level was not sustained. With increased pegvaliase dose and duration in PAL-003, mean blood Phe levels steadily decreased from baseline, with mean reductions by Week 120 of 68.8% (SD 44.2%) in PAL-002 participants and 75.9% (SD 32.4%) in PAL-004 participants. All participants in PAL-002 and PAL-004 reported ≥1 adverse event (AE), with higher exposure-adjusted event rates in PAL-004. The majority of AEs were mild (87.2% in PAL-002, 86.7% in PAL-004) or moderate (12.4% in PAL-002, 13.3% in PAL-004). The most commonly reported AEs in PAL-002 were injection site reaction (50.0% of participants), headache (42.1%), injection site erythema (36.8%), nausea (34.2%), and arthralgia (29.0%), and in PAL-004 were arthralgia (75.0%), headache (62.5%), dizziness (56.3%), injection site erythema (56.3%), and injection site reaction (50.0%). Conclusions: In two phase 2 dose-finding studies, pegvaliase did not lead to substantial blood Phe reductions. Higher and more frequent pegvaliase dosing in PAL-004 led to a substantial initial drop in blood Phe, but an increase in the number of hypersensitivity AEs and dose reductions or interruptions. With increased dose and duration of treatment in PAL-003, mean blood Phe reduction was substantial and sustained, and the frequency of hypersensitivity AEs decreased and stabilized. Together, these studies led to the development of an induction-titration-maintenance regimen that has been approved for pegvaliase, with patients starting at a low weekly dose that gradually increases in dose and frequency until they achieve a standard non-weight-based daily maintenance dose. This regimen has been tested in a third phase 2 study, as well as in two successful phase 3 studies of pegvaliase. © 2020 The Authors

Author Keywords
Enzyme substitution therapy; Pegvaliase; PEGylated phenylalanine ammonia lyase; Phenylalanine; Phenylketonuria; Recombinant Anabaena variabilis

Document Type: Article
Publication Stage: Article in Press
Source: Scopus
Access Type: Open Access

“Efficient Coding by Midget and Parasol Ganglion Cells in the Human Retina” (2020) Neuron

Efficient Coding by Midget and Parasol Ganglion Cells in the Human Retina
(2020) Neuron, .

Soto, F.^a , Hsiang, J.-C.^a ^b , Rajagopal, R.^a , Piggott, K.^a , Harocopos, G.J.^a , Couch, S.M.^a , Custer, P.^a , Morgan, J.L.^a , Kerschensteiner, D.^a ^c ^d ^e

^a John F. Hardesty, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
^b Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
^c Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
^d Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
^e Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States

Abstract
In humans, midget and parasol ganglion cells account for most of the input from the eyes to the brain. Yet, how they encode visual information is unknown. Here, we perform large-scale multi-electrode array recordings from retinas of treatment-naive patients who underwent enucleation surgery for choroidal malignant melanomas. We identify robust differences in the function of midget and parasol ganglion cells, consistent asymmetries between their ON and OFF types (that signal light increments and decrements, respectively) and divergence in the function of human versus non-human primate retinas. Our computational analyses reveal that the receptive fields of human midget and parasol ganglion cells divide naturalistic movies into adjacent spatiotemporal frequency domains with equal stimulus power, while the asymmetric response functions of their ON and OFF types simultaneously maximize stimulus coverage and information transmission and minimize metabolic cost. Thus, midget and parasol ganglion cells in the human retina efficiently encode our visual environment. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.

Soto et al. combine large-scale multi-electrode array recordings of human retinas and computational modeling to show that ON and OFF midget and ON and OFF parasol ganglion cells efficiently encode luminance contrast in our environment. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.

Author Keywords
efficient coding; human neuroscience; LN model; metabolic cost; mutual information; naturalistic movies; parallel processing; redundancy; white noise

Document Type: Article
Publication Stage: Article in Press
Source: Scopus

“Addressing Health Disparities among Minority Populations: Why Clinical Trial Recruitment Is Not Enough” (2020) JAMA Neurology

Addressing Health Disparities among Minority Populations: Why Clinical Trial Recruitment Is Not Enough
(2020) JAMA Neurology, .

Wilkins, C.H.^a , Wilkins, C.H.^b , Schindler, S.E.^c , Schindler, S.E.^d , Morris, J.C.^c , Morris, J.C.^d

^a Office of Health Equity, Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
^b Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
^c Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
^d Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States

Document Type: Short Survey
Publication Stage: Article in Press
Source: Scopus

“Depression as a Comorbid Condition: A Descriptive Comparative Study” (2020) Western Journal of Nursing Research

Depression as a Comorbid Condition: A Descriptive Comparative Study
(2020) Western Journal of Nursing Research, .

Frain, J.^a , Wu, H.-S.^b , Chen, L.^c

^a Goldfarb School of Nursing at Barnes Jewish College, Saint Louis, MO, United States
^b College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
^c Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States

Abstract
Studies analyzing depressive symptoms across chronic disease populations are limited. Our descriptive comparison investigation included two studies on life-limiting conditions: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and breast cancer. In both, depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). We found a mean depression score of 18.1 (± 11.8) overall (N = 243). Over half (54%) reported clinically significant depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16); 26% reported severe depressive symptoms (CES-D > 24). Disease and years of education were predictors of depressive symptoms. Persons living with breast cancer showed significantly worse depressive symptoms than persons living with HIV (p < 0.0001). After adjusting for disease, fewer years of education predicted worse depressive symptoms (p < 0.0001). This study demonstrated common determinants of depressive symptoms in both disease populations, suggesting that underlying conditions known to be predictors of depression could be assessed to identify those at higher risk for depression. © The Author(s) 2020.

Author Keywords
breast cancer; chronic conditions; depressive symptoms; HIV

Document Type: Article
Publication Stage: Article in Press
Source: Scopus

“Physical Exercise and Longitudinal Trajectories in Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers and Cognitive Functioning” (2020) Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders

Physical Exercise and Longitudinal Trajectories in Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers and Cognitive Functioning
(2020) Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, .

Stojanovic, M.^a , Jin, Y.^b , Fagan, A.M.^c ^f ^g , Benzinger, T.L.^d ^f , Hassenstab, J.^c ^f , Cruchaga, C.^c ^e ^g , Morris, J.C.^c ^f ^g , Head, D.^a ^d ^e

^a Departments of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
^b Department of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
^c Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
^d Departments of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
^e Departments of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
^f Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center
^g Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, St. Louis, MO, United States

Abstract
Introduction: Associations of physical exercise with Alzheimer disease (AD) biomarkers and cognitive functioning have been observed cross-sectionally. However, the effects of exercise on longitudinal change in AD biomarkers have not been thoroughly investigated. The current study examined whether individuals with higher baseline exercise exhibited less longitudinal change in AD biomarkers and cognitive functioning, and whether APOE and/or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genotypes moderated the effects of exercise on longitudinal changes. Methods: Clinically normal individuals completed a questionnaire on physical exercise over the prior 10-year period at baseline. Ninety-five individuals had serial cerebrospinal fluid samples collected to examine Aβ42, ptau181 and total tau; 181 individuals underwent multiple assessments of amyloid positron emission tomography imaging with Pittsburgh Compound-B; 327 individuals underwent multiple cognitive assessments, including measures of episodic memory, executive functions, verbal fluency, and processing speed. Results: Greater exercise was associated with less steep decline in processing speed. Baseline exercise did not robustly impact longitudinal change for any other outcomes. Neither APOE nor BDNF genotype robustly moderated the effect of exercise on trajectories of AD biomarkers or cognitive decline. Interpretation: Results suggest that self-reported physical exercise may be limited as a moderator of changes in AD biomarkers. © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

Author Keywords
aerobic exercise; amyloid; memory; neurofibrillary tangles

Document Type: Article
Publication Stage: Article in Press
Source: Scopus

“Case Report: DSM-5 misses an edge case in tic disorders nosology” (2020) F1000Research

Case Report: DSM-5 misses an edge case in tic disorders nosology
(2020) F1000Research, 9, art. no. 505, .

Black, K.J.

Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Radiology and Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, United States

Abstract
A boy with multiple phonic tics, one lifetime motor tic, and no impairment or marked distress does not meet criteria for any DSM-5 tic disorder diagnosis. The next version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual should adjust the criteria for Tourette’s Disorder and/or for ‘other specified tic disorder’ and ‘unspecified tic disorder.’ © 2020 Black KJ.

Author Keywords
Case report; DSM-5; Nosology; Tic disorders; Tourette syndrome

Document Type: Article
Publication Stage: Final
Source: Scopus
Access Type: Open Access